Darkest Child

In the novel The Darkest Child the author Delores Phillips displays the activities and likely hood of growing up in the still racist Deep South. The main character Tangy Mae encounters hardships and tribulations amongst her family. Her mother Rozelle Quinn displays negative habits of a mother by being over controlling of her kids. Rozelle often beat and called her children names out of frustration and rage. Tangy Mae and her siblings must step up to the plate in order for the family to make a living without a father figure while dealing with their scolding mother.In the story the Darkest Child the mother Rozelle Quinn is a thirty – five year old tall slender lady with dark grey eyes and so fair-skinned that she can pass for white is the mother of ten children including Tangy Mae who all lived in fear of her moods and temper. Rozelle favors her light-skinned kids, but insists that they all love and obey her unquestioningly. Tangy Mae is her smartest and darkest colored child, a nd her mother treated her different because of that.Tangy Mae went to school longer than all of her other siblings and wanted to continue but her mother wouldn’t allow her to because she wanted her to work like the rest of her siblings. Her mother would often beat her and her other siblings an example from the book is â€Å"The belt looped through the air in a rush, but instead of striking Martha Jean it cut into my shoulders, neck, and back. It knocked me off balance. †(Phillips 119) Her mother would always tell her things like she was ugly.She would talk to her kids anyway she would like and always threatened them to get her point across for example â€Å"Effortlessly, Mama wrapped her other arm around Martha Jean’s neck and breathed into her ear, dumb bitch. You no-good, dumb bitch. I’ll break yo’ goddam neck. †(Phillips 118) But somehow through all the stressful situations Tangy somehow still managed to keep her head up and stay strong t hrough it all. Their mother had a mental illness she would â€Å"Satan’s in here, she said in a hollow voice, her gaze darting about the room.While I was gone, one of yall let satan in my house. Who was it? No one spoke. Don’t sit there like idiots. I wanna know who did it. †(Phillips 69-70) This shows that Tangy Mae’s mother suffers from an mental illness. Tangy Mae and her siblings have been through it all from racism to being baldly mistreated by their mother. Their mother wanted to be in control of their whole life and if her kids ever went against something she said and didn’t obey her rules she would brutally hit them and call them all types of names.

Nvq Level 2 229

| Sampled By IV| | Initials| | | Dated| | | Questioning Record | Issue No:| 1| | | Issue Date: | 01/02/11| | | Page | 1| of| 2| | | Approved By:| N Parr| | | Ref| I12-1| Candidate Name:| Niccola Taylor| Date of Activity | | Award Title / Level | Level 2| Evidence Ref No: | | Targeted Unit(s) | 4222-229| | | Questioning to support standards: | YES| | Unit | *Learning Outcome and Criteria | Questions to be asked | 229| 1. 2| Where are the pressure sites on the body? | | 1. | What factors might put the skin at risk of breakdown? | | 1. 4| How can incorrect moving and handling techniques cause damage to the skin? | | 1. 5 | What interventions can reduce the risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores? | | 1. 6 | What changes to an individual’s skin condition must be reported? | Responses to Questions Asked | | Unit/Learning Outcome and Criteria| 1. 2 Pressure sites usually occur on bony areas of the body, such as the tailbone, back, buttocks, backOf the head, elbows, heels, hips, an d shoulders. 1. If they have been sitting/lying down in the same position for too long and haven’t had pressure relief, having dry skin and poor diet can also put the skin at risk of breakdown. 1. 4 Incorrect moving and handling techniques can course skin to tear or bruise. 1. 5 Make sure there not in the same position for too, long make sure they have regular pressure relief , when there sitting/lying down make sure it’s on pressure cushion or matters. 1. 6 Dry, cracked, redness, bruising or any colour change. | | | Name| Initials| Signature| Date | Candidate: | | | | | Assessor: | | | | | Witness:| | | | | Nvq Level 2 229 | Sampled By IV| | Initials| | | Dated| | | Questioning Record | Issue No:| 1| | | Issue Date: | 01/02/11| | | Page | 1| of| 2| | | Approved By:| N Parr| | | Ref| I12-1| Candidate Name:| Niccola Taylor| Date of Activity | | Award Title / Level | Level 2| Evidence Ref No: | | Targeted Unit(s) | 4222-229| | | Questioning to support standards: | YES| | Unit | *Learning Outcome and Criteria | Questions to be asked | 229| 1. 2| Where are the pressure sites on the body? | | 1. | What factors might put the skin at risk of breakdown? | | 1. 4| How can incorrect moving and handling techniques cause damage to the skin? | | 1. 5 | What interventions can reduce the risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores? | | 1. 6 | What changes to an individual’s skin condition must be reported? | Responses to Questions Asked | | Unit/Learning Outcome and Criteria| 1. 2 Pressure sites usually occur on bony areas of the body, such as the tailbone, back, buttocks, backOf the head, elbows, heels, hips, an d shoulders. 1. If they have been sitting/lying down in the same position for too long and haven’t had pressure relief, having dry skin and poor diet can also put the skin at risk of breakdown. 1. 4 Incorrect moving and handling techniques can course skin to tear or bruise. 1. 5 Make sure there not in the same position for too, long make sure they have regular pressure relief , when there sitting/lying down make sure it’s on pressure cushion or matters. 1. 6 Dry, cracked, redness, bruising or any colour change. | | | Name| Initials| Signature| Date | Candidate: | | | | | Assessor: | | | | | Witness:| | | | |

Ferdinand Magellan and Portuguese Explorer Ferdinand Essay

Lapu-Lapu (floruit-1521) was a ruler of Mactan, an island in the Visayas, Philippines, who is known as the first native of the archipelago to have resisted the Spanish colonization. He was also responsible for the death of Portuguese Explorer Ferdinand Magellan. [1] He is now regarded, retroactively, as the first Filipino hero. [2][3] He is also known under the names Cilapulapu,[4] Si Lapulapu,[5] Salip Pulaka,[6][note 1] and Kali Pulako (alternatively spelled as Cali Pulaco),[7] though the historicity of the names is disputed. See also: Maginoo Lapu-Lapu became one of two datus of Mactan before the Spanish arrived in the archipelago, the other being a certain Zula. When Portuguese explorer and conquistador Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines in the service of Spain, Zula was one of those who gave tribute to the Spanish king while Lapu-Lapu refused. On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu led 3,000 warriors in a battle against Portuguese explorer and conquistador Ferdinand Magellan who led a force of forty-nine Spanish soldiers and 6000 native warriors from Cebu. During the battle Magellan and several of his men were killed. [8] The historian William Henry Scott believes that Lapu-Lapu’s hostility may have been the result of a mistaken assumption by Ferdinand Magellan. Magellan assumed that ancient Filipino society was structured in the same way as European society (i. e. with royalty ruling over a region). While this may be true in the Islamic sultanates in Mindanao, the Visayan societies were structured along a loose federation of city-states (more accurately, a chiefdom). The most powerful datu in such a federation has limited power over other member datu, but they had no direct control over the subjects or lands of the other datu. [6] Thus Magellan believed wrongly that since Rajah Humabon was the â€Å"king† of Cebu, he was the king of Mactan as well. But the island of Mactan, the domain of Lapu-Lapu and Zula, was in a location that enabled them to intercept trade ships entering the harbor of Cebu, Humabon’s domain. Thus it was more likely that Lapu-Lapu was actually more powerful than Humabon. Humabon himself was married to Lapu-Lapu’s niece. When Magellan demanded that Lapu-Lapu submit as his â€Å"king† Humabon had done, Lapu-Lapu purportedly replied that â€Å"he was unwilling to come and do reverence to one whom he had been commanding for so long a time†. [6] Controversy[edit] The historical name of Lapu-Lapu is controversial. The earliest record of his name is from the Italian explorer Antonio Pigafetta who accompanied Magellan in the Philippines. He records the names of two chiefs of the island of â€Å"Matan†, the chiefs â€Å"Zula† and â€Å"Cilapulapu† (note C). 4] In an annotation of the 1890 edition of Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las islas Filipinas, Jose Rizal spells this name as â€Å"Si Lapulapu† without explanation. [5] However, the 17th century mestizo de sangley poet Carlos Calao mentions Lapu-Lapu under the name of â€Å"Cali Pulaco† in his poem Que Dios Le Perdone (That God May Forgive Him). [9] The name, spelled â€Å"Kalipulako†, was later adopted as one of the pseudonyms of the Philippine hero, Mariano Ponce, during the Philippine Revolution. The 1898 Philippine Declaration of Independence of Cavite II el Viejo, also mentions Lapu-Lapu under the name â€Å"Rey Kalipulako de Mactan [sic]† (King Kalipulako of Mactan). [11] Legacy[edit] The Philippine government has since erected a statue in his honour on Mactan Island and renamed the town of Opon in Cebu to Lapu-Lapu City. Another statue stands in Rizal Park in the national capital of Manila. Lapu-Lapu also appears on the official seal of the Philippine National Police[12] and as the main design on the defunct 1-centavo coin circulated in the Philippines from 1967 to 1974. During the First Regular Season of the 14th Congress of the Philippines, Senator Richard Gordon introduced a bill proposing to declare April 27 as an official Philippine national holiday to be known as Adlaw ni Lapu-Lapu, (Cebuano, â€Å"Day of Lapu-Lapu†). [14] In the United States, a street in the South of Market neighborhood of San Francisco, California is named after Lapu-Lapu. [15] Lapu-Lapu Lapu-Lapu’s statue on Mactan Island in the PhilippinesNationalityFilipinoOccupationChieftainKnown forcommanding Visayan forces that defeated the Spaniards, and killing Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. Lapu-Lapu was the king of Mactan, an island in the Visayas, Philippines, who is known as the first native of the archipelago to have resisted Spanish colonization. He is now regarded as the first Filipino hero. On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu and the men of Mactan, armed with spears, and kampilan, faced Spanish soldiers led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. In what would later be known as the Battle of Mactan, Magellan, and several of his men were killed. According to Sulu oral tradition, Lapu-Lapu was a Muslim chieftain, and was also known as â€Å"Kaliph Pulaka†. The people of Bangsamoro, the Islamic homeland in the Philippine Islands, consider him to be a Muslim and a member of the Tausug ethnic group. [4] A variant of the name, as written by Carlos Calao, a 17th century Chinese-Spanish poet in his poem â€Å"Que Dios Le Perdone† (Spanish, â€Å"That God May Forgive Him†) is â€Å"Cali Pulacu†. The 1898 Philippine Declaration of Independence refers to Lapu-Lapu as â€Å"King Kalipulako de Maktan†. [6] In the 19th century, the reformist Mariano Ponce used a variant name, â€Å"Kalipulako†, as one of his pseudonyms.

Ethical and Socially Responsive Business Assignment

Ethical and Socially Responsive Business - Assignment Example As the paper highlights  executives and managers who have served the company with devotion are supposed to avoid ethical breaches. These ethical breaches might involve money or secret information  as it is also a part of ethical behavior as well. For the cheesecake factory’s code of ethical conduct, the second most important key area of significant importance is â€Å"Compliance with company policies and Procedures† which is all about that the company’s confidential information should be kept as a secret. It is necessary to hide the special recipes and other information to get success or to get a competitive advantage. Under this article of the code of ethical conduct, the other main key factor is prohibiting of insider trading.This discussion stresses that  the cheesecake factory should take some key steps in order to ensure that the employees of their company must follow the policies and code of ethical conduct. From the beginning of the working, it is go od to give awareness regarding the policies and code of conduct. To maintain all these rules and regulation there must be a single department should be working on it, which handles these kinds of issues before arising of any problem.   The other thing, which they can do, is to have the signed paper of the terms and condition or code of conduct when employee is being hired and keep a record of each signed paper by the employee in the employee file.

Hip-hop Cubano Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hip-hop Cubano - Assignment Example In the vicinity of all these factors, people in some way lose sight of the reality that Cubans create, work, and live there. People also assume the fact that Cubans do have a world view and culture that in actual sense exists; not a retort against the United States, not a retort against anybody, just Cuban. Jacobs-Fantauzzi has created the documentary with respect and love for the Cubans he features. These are youthful hip hop musicians who express their standpoints in consideration to the broader societal context. These artists have a nearly significant identity that is devoid of falsehood or peculiarity. The documentary simply follows these artists in their everyday lives of discussion, performance and production of hip hop in Cuba. The documentary then proceeds as these Cuban artists go to the US to record an album and perform for the first time. Cuban Hip hop is a movement. It is an awakening for youths and a discussion place for the realities of their livelihood. The scene is informal; performances occur on the stage with several microphones, or someone’s backyard, and the style used is old-fashioned (Fernà ¡ndez, p.4). For that reason, Hip Hop Cubano is visualized as a social documentary that highlights occurrences that people put into focus presently. For instance, these issues include identity, poverty, development, world politics, globalization and certainly the USA. Behind all this, on the other hand, is a documentary that concerns a faction of youthful individuals well-informed and certain of themselves. These are musicians with complete faith in whatever they do, and their potential results in a change in the society. Just as the United States’ Hip Hop started as a form of imaginative articulacy that brought awareness to harsh social situations, Cuban Hip Hop reveals the indestructible and inventive spirit created from a populace suppressed by the United States ban on Cuba. Hip Hop Cubano acts as a reminder of the

Persepolis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Persepolis - Essay Example Her description of a significant event from Iran history, the movie theater burning, and the way it is done will help to understand her attempt to full extent. (Satrapi, 2002). The book of Satrapi is peculiar from the point of view of the way of the events description. They are depicted on the illustrations which are accompanied by short but sharp comments, like â€Å"The Shah said that a group of religious fanatics perpetrated the massacre.† (Satrapi, 2002, 15), which is, similarly, an attempt to simplify the description. â€Å"Simplification develops more than just the accentuated written messages†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nolan, 2010, 3). The pictures about the Rex Cinema fire contain the images of a burning building of the theater and the metaphorical depiction of the victims of the fire who were burnt inside. Keira Nolan also states that â€Å"†¦a simplified art style works best, as it amplifies only the primary features of the text, unlike realism which would be far more focused on social details.†, which means that Satrapi focuses primarily on terrible consequences of the tragedy. (Nolan, 2010, 1). This way the author instigates the readerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s thinking on both the reason and the party which caused this terrible fire. Satrapi also pays attention that the firemen arrived too late, â€Å"†¦forty minutes later†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and this is also a point of significant concern. (Satrapi, 2002, 15). The mentioned event is also described from historical perspective. The historians, the date and the death toll aside, also pay attention to the versions of the deadly fire, which are, obviously, opposite and are similarly to have been elaborated to defend each of the blamed parties. The official government which ruled Iran those days blamed the protesters and the militants, whereas the latter counter-attacked such accusations by their aiming at SAVAK, the state structure close to Shah.

Movie review about MicmacsDirected by Jean-Pierre Jeunet

About MicmacsDirected by Jean-Pierre Jeunet - Movie Review Example He escapes from there and takes up the job in the video shop. One night while spending time leisurely in the video shop he gets caught in a cross fire in the gang war in the street. A bullet lodges in his skull. In the surgery table a surgeon explains different options before him and comically invites a nurse to toss a coin and decide the possible option. The toss decides that the bullet be allowed to stay in the skull. With the bullet in his skull Brazil can go on living; he will be fully conscious though he may get brain storms. But he can die anytime. From the hospital he is thrown back to the street, without job and shelter. He starts performing in the street, with his impersonations of Charlie Chaplin, the eternal tramp of Cinema. During one of his performances he comes across a bearded old lag, an expert criminal called Slammer. This acquaintance leads him to a bunch of outsiders who live under a garbage yard. They live among the heaps of discarded objects symbolizing how disca rded they are from life itself. The group includes the Elastic Girl (â€Å"a sensible soul in a flexible body†) who is a contortionist, a black ethnographer named Remington, a human cannonball named Buster along with the mother of the den Mama Chow whose daughters have disappeared.

Services Marketing (encounter experiences) Essay

Services Marketing (encounter experiences) - Essay Example The aspect of degree of satisfaction as well as dissatisfaction is yet another problem that crops us in this regard. However, the measurement scales provided in the Annexure that details the experiences gives us a relatively better view into how satisfactory or for that matter dissatisfactory these experiences have been. In this regard, it should be mentioned at the very outset that service encounters refer to the customer’s most vivid impression of the service (Ziathaml, Bitner, Gremler & Pandit, 2011). Thus the report starts analyzing these experiences or to be more specific the service encounters from various managerial frameworks available to us as well as make comments on the degree of satisfaction or dissatisfaction it caused to the customers availing the service. Satisfactory Satisfactory experiences in terms of service encounters refer to those encounters of availing services that result in meeting the moot objective of the demand. However, nowadays, more and more serv ice sector firms are tending towards providing a more wholesome service experience to their clients and customers. In this regard, Clow and Kurtz (2003) have been of the opinion that satisfaction or dissatisfaction is known to be an episodic measure in that it normally relates to the last service experience. Thus, service quality becomes increasingly important an aspect from the point of view of services marketing as well as management of services as a whole. So far as the satisfactory service experiences are concerned, the present report presents six favorable or for that matter satisfactory service experiences are concerned, these focus on the aspects of favorable experiences that lead to repeat purchases or to be more specific result in customer loyalty. The first satisfactory service experience has been experienced has been in a cirque named Cirque de Soleil in London in the Royal Albert Hall. In spite of much hype as well as a long queue in front of the ticket counter along wit h the other encumbrances that any hyped show comes with, the cirque lived up to its expectations and thus customers left the hall satisfied. Of course, in terms of analysis, satisfaction in this case is due to the level of perfection that the show had attained given that the organizers had kept note of every minute detail thereby bringing parity as well as that they had taken care of the details of the service thereby referring to the impeccable service blueprint that they had put in action. Also, though the food has not been as exemplary as the other aspects have been, everything else has been just perfect thereby leading to an overall satisfactory service experience for the audience or for that matter, customers in this case. In this regard, a service blueprint refers to a graphic representation of the essential components of the service both front stage as well back stage (Fisk, Grove & John, 2008). In terms of the quality of food not being up to the mark, the concept of zone of tolerance comes into the picture. The food not being of the highest quality seemed to be well within the zone of tolerance and thus the customers were still happy with the overall

Salary packaging and Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Salary packaging and Taxation - Essay Example Fringe benefits tax will apply to both Chris and his employer for this agreement during the FBT year that begins in 1st April 2011 up to 31st March 2012. Superannuation is money put in for a person's retirement. Strict government policy prevent untimely access to conserved benefits except in extremely limited and constrained circumstances, as well as severe financial adversity or on a compassionate basis, such as for medical cure not obtainable through Medicare. Usually, superannuation benefits are in three categories: conserved benefits; restricted non-conserved benefits; and unhindered non-preserved benefits. Mainly superannuation is concessionary taxed at a level charge of 15% at two key points: on contributions, and on salary. Capital Gain Tax inside the fund though is taxed at a charge of 10% if the properties held for longer than twelve months. Contributions whether in the type of employer superannuation, or associate salary sacrifice are levied at this rate. In the majority of the industry funds, the salary tax is paid prior to profits are disbursed to associates so it appears as a lesser level of interest on the worker’s statement. From the time when it was introduced, employers have been obligated to make compulsory contributions to superannuation in place of the majority of their workers. ... Superannuation contributions made by Chris are not treated as fringe benefits but as employer contributions. The initial contribution that Chris was making was $17,000. He however, decided to increase it by $15,000. This contribution has to meet three conditions, which are; it must be an arrangement before service there should be an agreement between West Gate Pty Ltd and Chris and Chris should not have an access to the sacrificed salary (Marsden, 2010). According to the Australian tax office ruling, the superannuation contributions are taxed in the superannuation funds such as 15% (Australian National Audit Office, 1999). West Gate Pty Ltd will therefore, pay the following amount in tax for contribution: 15/100 x $32,000 = $ 4,800 Chris has salary packaged other items apart from the superannuation contributions. The first item is a laptop that one of his children requires for school. It is worth $3,300. This is a fringe benefit for Chris. According to the Australian tax office rulin g S23, the tax is levied at 46.5% for the FBT year ending 31st March. West Gate Pty limited will pay the following amount for the benefit; 46.5% x $3,300 = $1,534.50 Under this, the income test will take into account the fringe benefit received. This fringe benefit is not included in the employee’s assessable income. The employer will be giving a benefit directly to a relative of the employee. Anything is accomplished by the employer in any agreement, arrangement or transaction so as to award any benefit upon any individual other than the member of staff, whether directly or obliquely. The benefit would have been taxed if it had been contracted to the employee. The next item that Chris has packaged is a new car. A taxable benefit is be

Isolation of a lectin from apple pollen. Lectins are present in plants Dissertation

Isolation of a lectin from apple pollen. Lectins are present in plants (and animals), they are proteins that that bind to carboh - Dissertation Example So a study on biochemical, physiological and molecular levels is required to explore the importance of Lectin in the plant cell. Lectin is present in many forms in the plant cells. The pollen grains of the apple are found to have some group of Lectin. These Lectin are heterodimers and have a great affinity for the glycopeptides with a molecular weight of 30,000 Daltons and have two subunits with N-acetyl glucosamine residues. Arabinose is found linked to the polypeptide chain as ?-L-arabinofuranosides through the hydroxylproline residues. (Sharon and Lis, 2007). The glycopeptides are found to contain lesser amount of serine, S-carboxyl methyl cysteine and other amino acids such as glycine as major amino acids. Cysteine (16%), Hydroxyproline (11%) and Glycine (12%) is the major amino acid composition of lectin. Lectin agglutinates the cells and precipitates the complex carbohydrates. The lectin has Arabinose monosachharide (93%) and Galactose (7.5%) of the total 37% carbohydrate conte nt of lectin. (Sharon and Lis, 2007). ... Second thing to look upon is whether it is bound to any organelle or free protein. The Ammonium sulfate precipitation can be carried out after cell lysis. The cell disruption can be performed in many ways. Using mortar and pestle, sonication are some of the simple steps that can be easily practiced in lab. (Scopes, 1994).The cells are crushed using the saline buffer in order to maintain the pH. The protein extraction procedures are carried out in a cold room usually at 4 Â °C, in order to preserve the active part of the protein. The Ammonium sulfate precipitation is then carried out. Ammonium sulfate precipitation is a salting out process where the proteins are precipitated by adding ammonium sulfate at saturation constant. The saturation level varies for every protein and hence this phenomenon is widely used for the separation of the protein from the cell debris. The percentage of purification achieved at this stage is around 30 – 40%. Ammonium sulfate precipitation method i s repeated to increase the concentration of the protein in the sample. After ammonium sulfate precipitation, the ammonium sulfate salt is removed from the protein by using the neutralizing buffer. The dialysis is the next downstream processing step. Dialysis is done using a semi-permeable membrane bag that has a very small pore size of 20 Â µm. Dialysis is done overnight in the saline to concentrate the protein. For further purification of the protein, chromatographic techniques are used. Affinity chromatography, anion exchange chromatography, gel permeation chromatography are some of the most commonly used chromatographic techniques for this protein. Same type of lectin is present in seeds and pollen grains hence the same procedure for the seed lectin extraction can be followed for the pollen

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 24

Ethics - Essay Example However, the exact grounds that justify connection between the mind and the body along with the energy associated by which the mental impact upon such physical entity, lies beyond the prevailing reach of human knowledge. Despite this such problem with causation that has hardly found resolution in his philosophy, Hume recognizes that the ultimate basis of all value is desire and emotion while the presence of rational judgment is only assumes the role of determining what makes a person satisfy basic desires toward happiness. On the contrary, the ethics proposed by Kant perceives good will as the sole absolute good wherein moral act does not constitute the will to gratify self-interests and that one’s act can only be considered to possess moral worth if it is done out of duty. Kant further supposes that purity of thoughts are a basis of moral obligation which is generally attached to a universal principle every human deed ought to abide by in order to be labeled moral in nature. Through his metaphysical critique of pure reason, nevertheless, Kant admits that the highest sensibility to knowledge is yet unreachable for even as mind is susceptible to dynamism, its capacity for operating within conf ines of reason and morality is limited by the empirical realm of space and time. While Plato, on the other hand, metaphysically holds the theory of ‘dualism’ in consideration of reality on different levels being composed of ‘forms’ and ‘physical world’ where the latter contains images that are less real than physical objects, he establishes an amply similar argument with Kant’s ethical position. Based on virtue, Plato presents ‘well-being’ as the ultimate end of human’s rational thinking and conduct with which applied virtues form the character traits and pertinent skills that complete an individual. Being a student of Plato, Aristotle

Community Development Essay Example for Free

Community Development Essay Achieving gender equality and empowering women are necessary to achieve social, economic and political development. Today, girls and women continue to benefit from health and education services with women surpassing men in enrolment and academic achievements in many situations. Women in Malaysia are also more actively involved today in politics and numerous other national initiatives. Malaysia’s commitment and dedication to the advancement of women is evident in many of its programs and policies in the last two decades. In 1985, the Government of Malaysia formulated the National Policy on Women as a guide for women’s participation in the development process. The Policy helps enhance women’s quality of life by overcoming challenges through poverty eradication and education. The stature of women became a primary objective of the 6th Malaysia Plan (1991 – 1995), where a special fund for the development of women became a significant and integral step towards empowering women in Malaysia. Subsequent Malaysia Plans continue to focus on the needs of women with recommendations to advance their position in society. By agreeing to the commitments set forth in the Beijing Platform for Action at the UN Fourth World Conference on Women (1995), the Government promised to 1) enhance the national machinery for womens advancement; 2) increase womens participation in decision-making; 3) safeguard womens rights to health, education and social well being and 4) remove legal obstacles and gender discriminatory practices. In 1995, the Government also ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women(CEDAW). In 2001, the Government created the Ministry of Women and Family Development with a mandate to address issues on women and uplift the stature of women in the country. Malaysia’s Constitution was amended in August 2001 to prohibit discrimination in any law on the basis of gender. The Government continues to play a crucial and supportive role in achieving greater gender equality in the country, by providing a healthy environment for the advancement of women at both national and international arenas. The Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development which is responsible for addressing women’s issues in Malaysia has had its budget increase from RM 1.8 million (US$ 0.5 million) in 2001 to RM 30.5 million (US$ 8.6 million) in 2005, demonstrating the country’s serious commitment to the cause. Future challenges to be considered include: addressing the continued poverty among female-headed households; combating violence against women; raising the effectiveness of gender mainstreaming strategies; reducing women’s risk of contracting HIV; removing attitudinal challenges that impact capacity-building; and raising the level of women’s participation in the labour force, in business and in politics and government. KPWKM is headed by a Minister, currently held by Datuk Seri Shahrizat Abdul Jalil (UMNO). She is assisted by a Deputy Minister, currently held by Senator Heng Seai Kie (MCA). The following departments and agencies are under the purview of the KPWKM: * Department for Womens Development  In 1975, the Government set up the National Advisory Council on the Integration of Women in Development (NACIWID) as the machinery to ensure the involvement of women in development. In 1983, the Secretariat for Womens Affairs (HAWA) in the Prime Ministers Department was established to take over the tasks of the NACIWID Secretariat. From 1997, HAWA functioned as a department under the former Ministry of National Unity and Social Development. In 2001, the Department was placed under the then newly established KPWKM and restructured as the Department for Womens Development (DWD). By 2002, the DWD had set up branch offices in every state in Malaysia.[7] * Social Welfare Department  Initially set up in 1946 as the Community Welfare Department of Malaya, the Social Welfare Department (SWD) has evolved in fulfilling its role in national development. From initially being involved in mitigating the social problems brought about by the immediate post-war period, the role and functions of this department have expanded to cover prevention and rehabilitation services in social issues as well as community development.[8] * National Population and Family Development Board  The National Population and Family Development Board (NPFDB) was established in 1966 to improve the reproductive health status of women and men and encourage family planning. It has since evolved to include policy and advisory roles by assisting planners and programme managers to integrate population and family development into sectoral development programme planning as well as facilitate policy makers to consider population and family development factors in the formulation of national development policies and strategies.[9] * Social Institute of Malaysia  The Social Institute of Malaysia was set up to promote professional and semi-professional training in the field of training and research as well as social education to all social workers from various levels and groups from within and outside the country including non-governmental organizations. It currently operates from a 50-acre (200,000 m2) campus in Sungai Besi that was completed in 2001.

Marxist And Leninist Perspectives On Colonialism History Essay

Marxist And Leninist Perspectives On Colonialism History Essay Colonialism can be defined as the control that a country or government holds over the territory and the people in a foreign country. It can also be defined as the practice of one country acquiring full or partial political control over another country. It is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies of one country in another. Also, colonialism is a term which refers to the settlement of colonies and migrates there as inhabitants. It is where a powerful country takes over a less powerful country and begins to rule that country as theirs. Colonialism and imperialism are often used inter changeably, but they are two different words having different meaning. As both colonialism and imperialism means political and economic domination of the other scholars often find it hard to differentiate the two. Although both words discuss suppression of the other, colonialism is where one nation assumes control over the other and imperialism refers to political or economic control either formally or informally. Colonialism can be thought to be a practice and imperialism as the idea driving the practice. It is also a term where a country conquers and rules over other regions. It means exploiting the resources of the resources of the conquered country for the benefit of conqueror. Karl Marx and Lenin had different views on colonialism but they both support democracy and equality. Karl Marx views colonialism as a major moment in the historical process of primitive accumulation and therefore as a precondition for the domination of the capitalist mode of production. Karl Marx influenced colonialism both post colonialism and anti colonialism. Karl Marx influenced the anti colonial independence movement around the world and the post colonial theory. Karl Marx analyzed colonialism as a progressive force which brings modernization to a society that is feudal. He also discussed how the British colonialism made impact on the Indians. Karl Marx mentioned the Indians as a feudal society who experienced modernization but in a painful manner or way. Karl Marx believed that that colonialism did not automatically lead to the prevalence of the capitalist mode of production in the colonies, since the latter as well as capital accumulation have for their fundamental condition the annihilation of that private property which rests on the labor of the individual himself. Karl Marx considered colonialism to be an indispensable feature of imperialism. The obstacle that the internal of pre-capitalist mode of production oppose to the solvent effect of trade is apparent in the English commerce with India and China. These social obstacles to capitalism advances more rapidly to wealth and greatness than any other human society. Whereas in colonies inhabited by barbarous nations was actually more difficult to displace the natives. Karl Marx used oriental despotism to describe a class domination that used the states power of taxation in order to extract resources from the peasantry. According to Marx, oriental despotism emerged in India because agricultural productivity depended on large scale public works. According to Karl Marx he said that the first stage of human development is personal dependence. He believed that every individual should be independent on his or her own. He believed that should be able to do what they want to do on their own without being controlled by someone else. Karl Marx also talked about the sufferings brought during the transition from feudal to bourgeois society while insisting that the transition is both necessary and ultimately progressive. He said that the penetration of foreign commerce will cause a social revolution in India. This had both negative and positive consequences according to Marx. Karl Marx argued that colonial control was necessary not as a means of excluding rival industrial nations. Karl also stressed the importance of the colonial states for transforming those non-capitalist modes whose political level was crucial for their reproduction. Imperialism is thus a tendency to expansion of a developed capitalist power, a tendency created in the last instance by economic processes, but also supported by political and ideological process. Some events like the World War II, show that it was not the economically most developed capitalist country which challenged the British colonial imperialist supremacy, but an imperialist country mainly motivated by national claims against its neighboring states. After the World War II and the national liberation movements which followed, most former colonies won their national independence, which led to the dissolution of empires and to the end of colonialism. Marxist approaches to imperialism consider, though that ex-colonies and developing countries are still subordinated to imperialist countries through dependency relations. The dependence created by colonialism is still manifested in all the key spheres of the developing countries economic life. According to Lenin, he defined the struggle for national independence in colonies as essential for these colonies, as the only political course of action which could bring an end to oppression and economic misery. He also defined these struggles as inherently progressive, as the politics of the struggles of working people for social justice and showed why such anti-colonial struggles would win. In the year 1915 to 1916 argued that colonial liberation struggles were important components of the worldwide revolutionary process and he declared his conviction that many of them would succeed during the lifetime of capitalism. In the year 1917 until the end of his active life, Lenin adopted his fully matured theory of liberation in the colonial world. Lenins theory influenced the world decolonization process. Lenin stated in his theory that colonial liberation movement would succeed in the era of imperialism, that they were progressive and that they would not be bourgeois nationalist to the extent that exploited and revolutionary socialists provided them with directions. Lenin also demanded of all revolutionary socialists that they fight for the liberation of all colonies and any party in any colony-owning country which did not fight strongly for the liberation of its countrys colonies would be excluded for the international. Lenin also argued that support for colonial liberation was a direct support for the worlds revolution. As late as 1916, Lenin still hoped that it might be possible to unite political movement in colonies and the countries which own these colonies. Lenin later abandoned this vision and never returned to it. After the year 1916, Lenin never suggested not even once that that working class parties in colonies should be fused to those in the colonizing country, except as they fused into a single international. Karl Marx and Lenin taught that colonialism resulted from the same logic that drove the economic development and modernization in Europe. Lenin was skeptical of theories which placed undue emphasis of the unified global nature of capitalism which underplay the role of nations and states. He showed that capitalism cannot be reduced to the economy, by ignoring the state or the political and ideological relations of power. He emphasized that the nation state is an important influence on the way economies are organized in the normal course of capitalist development and that there are important economic forces propelling the reproduction of nation states. Capitalist power over the working classes is at the same time economic, political and ideological and it is condensed by the capitalist state in each national social formation. Lenin thought that the articulation and intertwining of all existing capitalist powers, each of which possesses a different strength and development level. It forms the worlds imperialist chain, the weakest link of which was Russia in 1917. Lenin suggested that imperialism is a permanent relationship structuring the interactions between two types of countries. Although imperialism took the form of military competition between capitalist countries, it would result in collusion between capitalist interests to maintain a stable system of exploitation of the non-developed world.

Elements of Information Security

Elements of Information Security The fast growing of internet technologies and information technologies forces individuals, educational institutes or enterprises to use the internet that also introduces numerous illegal users which destroy or attack network security with the help of various fake websites, Trojan horse or other viruses, fake mails and many more (Yim et al, 2014). Computer systems are mostly affected by this network attacks and even can bring computer networks in state of paralysation. Intruders or illegal users use huge information from computer networks for their personal benefits. Further, some invaders use that information to cause huge disastrous activities by targeting military or government departments that can cause threat to national as well as social security. Information security elements: The security of information needs to be based on business objectives and ensures enterprise security. The protection of networks needs to be handled by top management of enterprises. The system for security needs to be cost effective. The policies related to information security needs to be published in detailed manner by describing role of each employee in enterprises. The system needs to be monitored on continuous basis that will avoid unauthorised access to information systems and enhance privacy of network as well (Lesjak et al, 2015). During development of information systems, analysis of risks, analysis of business impact and classification of information documents needs to be considered. Reassessment of information system needs to be done on continuous basis for its modifications and improvement of networks. Organizations culture also needs to be considered while developing secured information system. Security characteristics: Data needs to be integrated in effective manner and its modification needs to be done by authorised persons only. Data encryption needs to be considered for avoiding any unauthorised access form external users (Xie et al, 2014). Data should be available to authorised users on their demands only. The flow of data needs to be controlled in effective manner by following appropriate information patterns like data access, contents or communication for secured IT systems. Security awareness: The certain awareness programs needs to be introduced at different organizational levels for the IT security purposes. Education related to security needs to be done in such manner that should be cost effective and strategies need to be developed for security purposes (Ahmad et al, 2014). The awareness gap is created due to lack of inappropriate knowledge related to security of information technology systems. Network security threats: The human errors like improper usage by operators, vulnerabilities related to security configuration, lack of security awareness among users, or usage of simple passwords are some threats that can affect IT security systems. Security attacks in terms of active or passive attacks may possess threat to information or data stored in the systems and at the same time, privacy or confidentiality of security systems may also be suffered due to these attacks (Cardenas et al, 2013). Lack of secure networking software may also make IT systems more vulnerable to hackers and unauthorised users. Illegal users which can access personal information by unauthorised manner are also one of network security threat that is affecting IT systems. Security solutions: Firewalls are networking devices which are used for restricting passage of traffic in between the different networks. This consists of both software as well as hardware components and helps in implementing policies of security in effective manner (Zhao and Ge, 2013). Detection system for intrusion monitors IT systems on real time basis by using various sensors, analysers or components of user interface. This system works by gathering information from different sources or networks and accordingly analyses invasion signs by interpreting patterns of unauthorised activities on the system. References Ahmad, A., Maynard, S. and Park, S. (2014) Information security strategies: towards an organizational multi-strategy perspective. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 25(2), pp.357-370. Cardenas, A., Manadhata, P. and Rajan, S. (2013) Big data analytics for security. IEEE Security Privacy, 11(6), pp.74-76. Lesjak, C., Hein, D. and Winter, J. (2015) Hardware-security technologies for industrial IoT: TrustZone and security controller. In Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2015-41st Annual Conference of the IEEE (pp. 002589-002595). IEEE. Xie, F., Peng, Y., Zhao, W., Gao, Y. and Han, X. (2014) Evaluating Industrial Control Devices Security: Standards, Technologies and Challenges. In IFIP International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management (pp. 624-635). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Yim, K., Castiglione, A. and You, I. (2014) Prosperity of IT security technologies in homeland defense. J. Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 5(2), pp.169-171. Zhao, K. and Ge, L. (2013) A survey on the internet of things security. In Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS), 2013 9th International Conference on (pp. 663-667). IEEE.

Feminist Spirituality and Goddess Religion Essay -- essays research pa

Feminist Spirituality and Goddess Religion Thousands of years ago, the Goddess was viewed as an autonomous entity worthy of respect from men and women alike. Because of societal changes caused by Eastern influence, a patriarchial system conquered all aspects of life including religion. â€Å"Furthermore, most feminists interested in goddesses are women who strongly reject western patriarchal theology†(Culpepper 51). Thus, there was this very strong feminist idea of women being the prime in the early part of the 17th and the 18th century. Today, the loss of a strong female presence in Judeo-Christian beliefs has prompted believers to look to other sources that celebrate the role of women. Men and women have increasingly embraced goddess religion and feminist spirituality as an alternative to the patriarchy found in traditional biblical religion of the past and the present. In this paper, I would like to discuss this whole issue of the uprising of women spirituality in the United States and also the formation of these so called Goddess Religions, and the ways in which these religions are changing the face of American societal believes. My argument will be supporting the central theme of the movie ‘Women & Spirituality: A Full Circle’, the one that was featured in the lecture. I would like to discuss the main ideas on which this religion is based, the way in which it has come back a full circle and also its adjusting to this modern American society full of many other religions having different ideologies. Within a few thousand years the first recognizable human society developed worship of the ‘Great Goddess’ or ‘Great Mother’. For these people, deity was female. The importance of fertility in crops, domesticated animals, wild animals and in the tribe itself was of paramount importance to their survival. Thus, the Female life-giving principle was considered divine and an enigma. This culture lasted for tens of thousands of years, generally living in peace. Males and females were treated equally. Their society was matrilineal--children took their mothers' names, but not a matriarchy (Christ 58-59). Life and time was experienced as a repetitive cycle, not linearly as is accepted today. Even the movie we saw in the lecture reflected this basic idea of women being the soul of every living thing on this earth and the gist of life was women. However, Eastern... ...ind of religion that can save our mother nature and also our earth’s resources for our future generations and provide us all with a better and safer life ahead. Women in all cases should have equal respect and importance in society, or else this world and life on it would cease! Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Culpepper, Emily E. â€Å"Contemporary Goddess Thealogy: A Sympathetic Critique†, ed. Clarissa W. Atkinson and Margaret R. Miles. Michigan: U.M.I. Research Press, 1987. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christ, Carol P. â€Å"Why Women Need the Goddess: Phenomenal, Psychological, and Political Reflections† in Woman Spirit Rising, ed. Carol. P. Christ and Judith Plaskow. San Francisco: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1979. Pp276-285 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Miles R. Margaret. â€Å"Violence against Women in the Historical Christian West and in North American Secular Culture: The Visual and Textual Evidence†. ed. Clarissa W. Atkinson and Margaret R. Miles. Michigan: U.M.I. Research Press, 1987. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christ, Carol P. â€Å"Rebirth of the Goddess: Finding Meaning in Feminist Spirituality†. New York City: Routledge, 1997. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corbett, Julia M. â€Å"Religion in America-4th edition†. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2000. Pp 290-295.

Ghana And Mali :: essays research papers

Before Columbus sailed to the New World and before Europe reached their â€Å"Enlightenment Era† two significant kingdoms flourished on the west coast of what some refer to as the motherland: Africa. The name of these two mighty states are Ghana and Mali. Ghana was the first West African state of which their was any record. After the downfall near the end of the eleventh century, Mali rose up to take their place as the economic, religious, and cultural hub of West Africa. These two states are very similar yet differ in many ways also.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The economy of the two states are very similar. Ghanaians were primarily an agricultural community. Most of the people were substance farmers who lived off of their own farms and livestock. Many people choose to trade with neighboring villages through their chief town, Kumbi Saleh. The people of Mali were also predominately agricultural. Most people who did not engage in farming, worked as artisans. The rich mines of Bure also served as income for some people of Mali. The economies of both states were related in that they both were primarily agricultural.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religion is another topic of comparison for the two enormous kingdoms. The Religion of Ghana during the eleventh century was a religion based on the belief that every earthly object contained good or evil spirits that had to be satisfied if the people were to prosper. However in 1076, Muslims invaded the state and converted their religion to Islam. The people of Mali were firm Muslims. These people took at least one pilgrimage a lifetime to the holy city of Mecca. They traveled in caravans across hundreds of miles of dessert to kiss the Kabba (a black stone believed to have religious powers). Both kingdoms were primarily Islamic because it allowed them to trade freely with other Islamic states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although both kingdoms flourished, their reign of West Africa had to come to an end. The decline of Ghana began with the invasion of Muslims. Ghana still held on shortly after this, but was finished by a series of droughts that dried up important life giving rivers.

The Significance of Dinosaur Art Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

The Significance of Dinosaur Art Dinosaurs are creatures that seem to fascinate humans, since all we have left are their fossils. Although, through art, their bodies can be put back together and we have a better sense of what they looked like. The problem with art is that pictures can sometimes be disproportionate, unrealistic, or even made up. Young children who learn about dinosaurs may think that they are actually different colors and can talk for example. This is why it is important to make dinosaur art as realistic as possible and more informative. In an article titled, "Do They Really Look Like That? The Science Of Dino Art", writer John Roach discusses people who do art and paleobiology for a living. A man by the name of Chris Sloan is a paleo artist for National Geographic in Washington, D.C.. He's not just a simple artist for the magazine, but also a researcher. He has to do activities such as "attend paleontology conferences, read scientific journals, study dinosaur fossils, talk with scientists, and go on digs"(National Geographic Society 2). This is in order to make dinosaur illustrations attractive to the eye and scientifically accurate. Being a paleo artist also requires paying close attention to the most recent discoveries. New discoveries happen all the time, and artists are very dependant on the information so that they can start their next project. It is important, however, not to be fooled by incorrect information, or hoaxes, which also happens a lot. A good paleo artist will do extensive research on the new information and get to the bottom of it before beginning a piece of art. Sloan, for example, will "read scientific papers, visit paleontologists, or sometimes travel to where a dino... ...r work published. In the future, many more discoveries of dinosaurs will be made. This way, paleo artists are never without jobs. Their work is very important and will be used always. It is important to note that â€Å"art is a reflection of science† (Sloan 2). Generations to come will need to know the truth about dinosaurs, what they looked like, and environments they lived in, so as long as scientists keep making more discoveries, dinosaur art will continue to become more realistic and accurate. Sources 1. Roach, John. â€Å"Do They Really Look Like That? The Science of Dino Art†. National Geographic Society. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/03/0310_030311_dinoart.html 2004 2. Speed, William. â€Å"What Did Dinosaurs Really Look Like†¦And Will We Never Know?†. Discover. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dlm/m1511/9_21/64698201/p7/article.jhtml?term= Sept 2000 The Significance of Dinosaur Art Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research The Significance of Dinosaur Art Dinosaurs are creatures that seem to fascinate humans, since all we have left are their fossils. Although, through art, their bodies can be put back together and we have a better sense of what they looked like. The problem with art is that pictures can sometimes be disproportionate, unrealistic, or even made up. Young children who learn about dinosaurs may think that they are actually different colors and can talk for example. This is why it is important to make dinosaur art as realistic as possible and more informative. In an article titled, "Do They Really Look Like That? The Science Of Dino Art", writer John Roach discusses people who do art and paleobiology for a living. A man by the name of Chris Sloan is a paleo artist for National Geographic in Washington, D.C.. He's not just a simple artist for the magazine, but also a researcher. He has to do activities such as "attend paleontology conferences, read scientific journals, study dinosaur fossils, talk with scientists, and go on digs"(National Geographic Society 2). This is in order to make dinosaur illustrations attractive to the eye and scientifically accurate. Being a paleo artist also requires paying close attention to the most recent discoveries. New discoveries happen all the time, and artists are very dependant on the information so that they can start their next project. It is important, however, not to be fooled by incorrect information, or hoaxes, which also happens a lot. A good paleo artist will do extensive research on the new information and get to the bottom of it before beginning a piece of art. Sloan, for example, will "read scientific papers, visit paleontologists, or sometimes travel to where a dino... ...r work published. In the future, many more discoveries of dinosaurs will be made. This way, paleo artists are never without jobs. Their work is very important and will be used always. It is important to note that â€Å"art is a reflection of science† (Sloan 2). Generations to come will need to know the truth about dinosaurs, what they looked like, and environments they lived in, so as long as scientists keep making more discoveries, dinosaur art will continue to become more realistic and accurate. Sources 1. Roach, John. â€Å"Do They Really Look Like That? The Science of Dino Art†. National Geographic Society. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/03/0310_030311_dinoart.html 2004 2. Speed, William. â€Å"What Did Dinosaurs Really Look Like†¦And Will We Never Know?†. Discover. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dlm/m1511/9_21/64698201/p7/article.jhtml?term= Sept 2000

Abuse of Prescription Drugs on College Campuses

Abuse of Drugs on College Campuses Today on college campuses, it is not possible to make it through college without knowing someone who has at least tried a prescription drug or recreational drug for either party uses, to help them study and keep up in school, or simply to help them get by day-to-day essay writer toronto. Maybe you have tried them yourself? College students all across the nation are abusing substances such as Adderall, Vicodin, Oxycontin, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, etc. Those students who drink alcohol are more likely to use prescription drugs for non-medical uses than non-drinkers.The number one way students are getting their hands on these different drugs is from the help of their peers. As for prescriptions, others steal it from their family members in their medicine cabinets at home if it is available. Like any drug, your body will build up a tolerance when you take it regularly resulting in dependence of that drug and/or need of higher dosages. Some people even fake symptoms to get prescribed the drug needed. For example, there are multiple websites on how to fake ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) so your doctor will prescribe you Adderall.Prescription Drugs All this talk and we do not know what Adderall even is. Adderall (amphetamine, dextroamphetamine mixed salts) is a prescription drug that is generally prescribed to treat people with ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) or ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Some side effects are euphoria, restlessness, headache, dryness of mouth, insomnia, and even anorexia because of loss of appetite. Adderall is a central nervous system stimulant which can result in stroke or even death if the proper precautions are not met.This stimulant causes an increase in average heart rate about 3-6 beats per minute and an increase of average blood pressure about 2-4 mmHg (millimeters of mercury) (â€Å"Adderall†). As for Adderall’s contribution to college students, it is known as â€Å"Brain Steroids. † Some street names for it are addy, beans, black beauties, speed, double trouble, and Christmas trees. It is also known as cheap cocaine. Many students use it for late-night studying because the drug keeps you awake and alert for long periods of time. The problem is many students will do nything to get their hands on it in fear that they cannot do work without it. On the other hand, Adderall is also used as an all-night party drug. In the party scene, this is where Adderall is known as cheap cocaine. It is either taken orally or snorted before or while drinking alcohol, allowing the user to stay awake and drink for a longer period of time causing their BAL (Blood Alcohol Level) to continue to rise without the user falling asleep. This can not only lead to hospitalization but it can also lead to death. Adderall is being so widely used that the prescription is currently on a manufacturer backorder.The reason is because more and more people are be ing diagnosed with ADD and ADHD and in most cases I believe it is because people are faking the symptoms and doctors are too willingly writing out prescriptions. The DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) only releases a certain amount of the drug at a time in an attempt to prevent illegal abuse. With the demand of Adderall being so high at this time, its presence in the market is currently scarce. A story told in Texas showed that a man drove about 80 miles away from home to fill his prescription and paid $417 for the name brand Adderall (Keith).This story comes to show how addictive this drug can be. The central nervous system stimulant Adderall is not the only form of prescription drugs being abused. Pain killers are also being abused by students, Vicodin being one example. It is used to treat mild to severe pain with side effects of nausea, sedation, shallow breathing, slow heartbeat, confusion, and possible seizure (â€Å"Vicodin†). The abuse may begin when you break a bo ne and are in return prescribed Vicodin for the pain. You continue to take the drug until the pain goes away and may continue to take it after the pain is gone.I have personally seen this happen with a friend who recently broke his leg. This particular person has no more pain from the injury, but continues to take the Vicodin for recreational purposes and sometimes drinks alcohol while taking them. When mixing alcohol and Vicodin it causes an enhanced sedated feeling and/or respiratory depression making the effects life threatening. In addition to Vicodin, the pain killer Oxycontin is also widely abused. It is used to treat severe pain that is expected to last a prolonged amount of time.Oxycontin has many similar side effects of Vicodin along with sweating, itching, loss of appetite, and severe weakness. It works by blocking the brain from receiving pain messages. The reason Oxycontin is so dangerous is because it is highly addictive and is a central nervous system depressant. It is believed that a younger healthier college student is more likely to become addicted to the drug rather than an older adult taking it for pain reasons. This is because taking Oxycontin to get high has a completely different effect on the body (â€Å"Oxycontin†). Like most drugs, Oxycontin can be abused in many different forms.It can be taken orally, crushed up and snorted, or dissolved and injected. By crushing it up or injecting it, it causes an instant feeling of euphoria when it enters the body. Oxycontin is often called â€Å"poor man’s heroin† due to the fact that they both have comparable effects. When the user is exposed to constant amounts of high doses, dependence of the drug is nearly inevitable. College students do not understand the dangerous and deadly outcomes of abusing Oxycontin. There are many cases where young adults in college have died from abusing it as a party drug.One case at the University of California, a student was not so lucky. Daniel Ashkenazy, a pre-law student was found dead at the age of 20 the morning after a fraternity rush party after taking Oxycontin while drinking alcohol. The shocking part is that a lot of times there are no signs of drug abuse and you do not have to be addicted to the drug for it to kill you. Daniel was a junior at the college with a 3. 8 grade-point average and frequently spoke with his mother. Another case at Colorado State University, 20 year old John Hunter-Hauck was found dead by his roommates the day after an off-campus party.His autopsy revealed traces of Oxycontin and alcohol in his system which resulted in his death. Moving away from pain killers, Xanax is a highly abused prescription drug used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. Common street names for the drug are bars, blues, peaches, and handlebars. Xanax has a calming effect that controls the chemicals in your brain that cause anxiety. Some side effects may include drowsiness, depression, dry mouth, constipation, and h eadache. Students turn to this drug because it has similar effects of alcohol. Also, it is used to help take the edge off the constant stresses and demands that college puts on a student.When taking it in ‘bar’ form rather than the smaller dosage pill, the effects are so intense that you lose your ability to reason and think. When Xanax is mixed with alcohol, the effects are either intensified or reversed causing even greater anxiety because they are both central nervous system depressants (â€Å"Xanax†). Like Xanax, the prescription drug Valium is taken to reduce anxiety but it also used to treat muscle spasms and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Some side effects may include dizziness, fatigue, and muscle weakness. When mixing Valium with alcohol you may experience difficulty breathing and it may cause you to pass out.If too much Valium or alcohol is taken, it could lead to a coma. The effects of alcohol are stronger and you are unable to drink a much as you normal ly do. After long term use, dependence may form. Insomnia, panic attacks, tremors, and/or depression may occur after a sudden stoppage from taking Valium (â€Å"Valium†). Prescription drug abuse among college students has become so rampant that there are parties specifically intended for exchanging these drugs. They are known as â€Å"pharm parties. † The basis of a â€Å"pharm party† is that everyone who attends brings their own prescription drugs and freely exchanges these drugs for other drugs.They sometimes even put all the pills into a large bowl and ingest whatever pills they pick out. Being that many of these individuals are willing to try anything new, they do not always know what prescription they are taking which results in different forms of potentially dangerous highs (Alexander). Even places one would believe to be a safe route for help are not always so safe. Recently in Indiana County, PA, a doctor at the Indiana Walk-in Clinic was arrested and ac cused of exchanging powerful pain medications for sexual favors. This just shows what extremes people will go through to get the drugs that they need.The doctor was providing prescriptions of Oxycodone to the patient despite the fact that he was aware she previously failed drug screenings at the clinic (â€Å"Indiana Co. Doctor†). So what happens when a college student is caught selling their prescription medication in the library during finals week or in the hallway of a school building? The consequence is that of a felony offense, although different states have different laws regarding the selling of a controlled substance. In some states you could be sentenced prison time or you could be let off on easier charges if you are a first time offender.The same ramification is in effect if you are caught purchasing the drug as well. Recreational Drugs Prescription drugs are not the only substances where abuse is a problem. On college campuses, alcohol is by far the most serious i ssue. Almost half of college students drink to the point of binge drinking or drink in greater excess. Binge drinking means a person’s blood alcohol concentration (BAC) reaches 0. 08 grams percent or higher. The BAC generally reaches this after a man consumes 5 or more drinks or a woman consumes 4 or more drinks within 2 hours.This kind of drinking is what effects students the most. When under this influence, students are more likely to fall behind with school work, skip their classes, engage is risky or illegal activities, or be injured. The issue of binge drinking is not easily controlled due to the fact that alcohol fits within a student’s budget and it is very easy to access(â€Å"Alcohol’s Damaging Effects†).. Alcohol is used in many social situations in college such as fraternity/sorority parties, house parties, tailgating for sporting events, or just going to the bar.In these social settings, students are more likely to drink more in a short period of time resulting in a blackout. A blackout is where you are intoxicated to the point where you cannot remember specific events that take place or you may not remember anything from a certain point on (â€Å"Alcohol’s Damaging Effects†). This stage in consuming alcohol is the most dangerous because the person may have little or no memory of risky actions like driving under the influence, engaging in unprotected sex, or committing illegal acts (â€Å"Binge Drinking†). Some students are less fortunate nd instead of blacking out, the consequence is death. Samantha Spady, a sophomore at Colorado State University, was found dead at a fraternity house at the age of only 19. The cause of death being binge drinking. Binge drinking also leads to a high risk for sexual assault, where women are mostly the victims. After consuming over 10 drinks in one sitting, about 60% of young women are sexually assaulted after their first semester of college (â€Å"Freshman women†™s binge drinking†). Sexual assault can range anywhere from unwilling sexual interaction or even worse, rape.Since alcohol is the most frequently abused substance, marijuana is the runner-up (Boyum). Marijuana, also known as pot or weed, is usually smoked either like a cigarette (joint), blunt/cigar form, or from a pipe. It can also be ingested by cooking it into food or brewed into tea (â€Å"NIDA InfoFacts†). Marijuana is considered a gateway drug that opens up users to even harder and more dangerous drugs. The effects of smoking weed can include paranoia, random thinking, short term memory, anxiety, and distorted sense of time (â€Å"Marijuana Uses†).College students often turn to marijuana use because it helps to take the edge off of everyday college demands and responsibilities. Weed smokers are more likely to spend more time engaging in party-like activities rather than studying due to difficulty concentrating (Ray). Results from continued use will more t han likely result in poorer grades, possible changes in personal relationships, inability to retain new information, or difficulty comprehending information (Ray). Some say marijuana is addictive yet some say it is not. So what is an abused drug that is addictive?Cocaine. We have already found that Adderall is a central nervous system stimulant, and so is cocaine but highly more addictive and powerful. Cocaine (coke) is usually snorted but it can also be mixed into water and injected. Regardless the way it is used, it enters the bloodstream quickly and the effects only take seconds. The results are similar to that of Adderall yet much stronger causing very high levels of mental alertness and energy. It works by increasing the levels of dopamine in the brain which is a chemical associated with pleasure.Long term usage can cause addiction because it is disrupting the brain’s reward system and will not produce dopamine in a normal fashion as it did prior to using the drug. It ma y sound like an amazing drug that causes it’s user to have a feeling of euphoria each time it is used, but the problem is it is very easy to overdose. Over time, a tolerance may build up causing the user to take more and more of the drug attempting to achieve the euphoric feeling they had the first time they tried it. Needless to say, this can ultimately result in overdose and death (â€Å"NIDA InfoFacts†).Cocaine can even effect life decisions as serious as what college to attend. Paige, a student at the University of Miami made her decision to attend there because she found that coke was cheap and very easy to get. Luckily for Paige, she stopped using the drug after her first year attending the college because it stopped being a fun thing for her to do (Shepherd). Another case was that of a former student of the University of Miami, who was identified by her middle name Xavier. She stated that using coke not only affected her grades, but also her relationships with f riends.Her grades were so bad that she was unable to continue attending the university. Another effect of coke is loss of appetite, and Xavier even admitted that was one of the reasons she continued to use it. â€Å"It’s so addictive that your life revolves around coke,† she said. â€Å"I was failing school, and I wasn’t going to class because you don’t really have the desire for anything [while] on coke. † After leaving the university, she stopped using the drug and her grades have improved as she now attends Miami Dade in hopes to re-enroll at the University of Miami (Shepherd).In Andria Ziegler’s case, she was found dead at her Paradise Valley Community College professor’s home. The autopsy revealed the 19-year-old’s death was caused by an accidental cocaine overdose (â€Å"College Student Dies†). Another popular drug among college students has a completely different effect than any of the previous drugs. These drugs are called hallucinogens. A common form is LSD (Lysergic Acid Diathylamide), also known as acid. It most often comes in the form of blotter papers, which are small paper squares that are dipped in LSD. Other forms include powder, liquid, pills, and capsules.Taking the drug results in a â€Å"trip† lasting around 12 hours with feelings of mind-altering changes in thought and mood, distorted perceptions of reality, and can cause hallucinations (â€Å"LSD†). College students are attracted to acid because of its easy availability, cheap prices, and mind-altering perceptions (Loglisci). A user can either have a very pleasurable experience or have a very terrifying â€Å"bad trip†. Each time acid is taken the results are different and have extremely unpredictable outcomes. Not only does the trip affect you when you take it, but it may also result in flashbacks of the experience weeks or even months later.These recurrences are also unpredictable and will lessen over ti me(Hallucinogens). Another similar hallucinogenic drug linked to LSD is mushrooms. They are also known as magic mushrooms or shrooms which contain psilocybin (a hallucinogenic principle). Shrooms can either be orally ingested or brewed into tea and drank. They have very similar effects of acid being that they cause trips that can either be pleasant or terrifying but they also cause altered perceptions of sight, touch, and taste. The long term effects are the same and can cause horrific flashbacks that can occur long after taking the drug (â€Å"Mushrooms†).The scariest aspect of this drug is that when you are around the students taking it, you do not know what is going to happen, depending on the outcome of the trip. I have personally experienced a friend â€Å"tripping† on shrooms and it was not a pleasant experience. It happened to be a bad trip and he was severely depressed and talking about life in a very serious manner. It was quite a frightening experience. Altho ugh I have never seen anyone take acid, I was told a story from another friend who tried it. They were two students at IUP who were bored one night and decided to try the drug.My friend explained to me that the two of them sat in a room all night until morning writing their thoughts on post-it notes and sticking them all over the wall until it was covered. She said that the next day they read the notes and had not one clue as to what any of them meant because they did not remember what was going through their heads at the time of the trip. A case in New York showed that Michael Simmons, a 19-year-old student at the New York Conservatory for Dramatic Arts was found dead after an 8-story fall from his dorm window.Nothing was posted about the autopsy, but friends said that it happened after Michael and a few others consumed hallucinogenic mushrooms (Feeney, Gendar, and Lauinger). It is a scary thought to think that if you take a hallucinogenic drug you could possibly have a terrifying experience, jump out of an 8-story window to your death, or possibly not remember anything at all. In conclusion, it is clear from the sources displayed in this article that recreational drugs and prescription drugs will always be in demand for certain users.As a responsible and sovereign society it is one’s personal responsibility to understand the threats and consequences of these substances. Recreational drugs and prescription drugs alike all have potentially harmful and sometimes fatal effect on the human body. The sad truth is that these drugs are all addictive and are easy to miss use in the wrong hands. Unfortunately this is a real and unfortunate fact of the world we live. Different individuals and personalities handle and make with decisions their own way. Drug use to some is a personal choice.With new knowledge in drug awareness it is our responsibility as a society and individuals to educate, influence, and prevent the harmful and potentially fatal effects of drug abuse. To avoid potentially harmful or life threatening situations please consider the data and message displayed in this paper. Works Cited â€Å"Adderall. † Rxlist. com. Rxlist, N. p. , Web 20 Oct. 2011. â€Å"Alcohol’s Damaging Effects On The Brain. † Nih. gov. National Institute On Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism, Oct. 2004. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. Alexander, Deborah, â€Å"Pharm-Raised Teens Oxycontin Abuse Prevalent Among Adolescents,† alexanderlawoffice. om. N. p. , Web. 13 Oct. 2011. â€Å"Binge Drinking on College Campuses. † Cspinet. org. Center For Science In The Public Interest, Dec. 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. Boyum, Richard. â€Å"A Two Edged Sword: Marijuana Use and College Students. † Selfcounseling. com. N. p. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. â€Å"College Student Dies After Overdosing on Cocaine at Home of Professor, Her Alleged Lover. † Foxnews. com. FOX News Network, 5 June 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. â€Å"Coroner: Alcohol Poisoning Killed CSU Student. † Thedenverchannel. com. Denver News, 17 Sept. 2004. Web. 5 Dec. 2011. Feeney, Michael J. Alison Gendar, and John Lauinger. â€Å"Friends say mushrooms contributed to Brooklyn College student's fatal fall. † NY Daily Times. 10 Nov. 2010. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. â€Å"Freshman women’s binge drinking tied to sexual assault risk. † Jsad. com. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, Jan. 2012. Web. 5 Dec. 2011. â€Å"Hallucinogens. † Justive. gov. United States Drug Enforcement Administration, N. p. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. â€Å"Indiana Co. Doctor Charged With Trading Drugs for Sex. † Wpxi. com. 12 Oct 2011. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. Jacobs, Andrew, â€Å"The Adderall Advantage. † Nytimes. com. The New York Times, 31 July 2005.Web. 24 Oct. 2011. Keith, Damali, â€Å"Adderall Shortage Has Many Worried. † Myfoxhouston. com. 30 Aug. 2011. Loglisci, Caroline A. , â€Å"LSD popular for college students. † Dailycampus. com. The Daily Campus, 25 Apr. 2001. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. â€Å"LSD (Acid). † Drugabuse. com. National Institute on Drug Abuse, N. p. Web. 23 Nov 2011. â€Å"Marijuana Use and Its Effects. † Webmd. com. WebMD, N. p. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. â€Å"Mushrooms. † Drugfree. org. The Partnership at Drugfree. org, N. p. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. â€Å"NIDA InfoFacts: Cocaine. † Drugabuse. com. National Institute on Drug Abuse, N. p. Web. 23 Nov. 011. â€Å"NIDA InfoFacts: Marijuana. † Drugabuse. com. National Institute on Drug Abuse, N. p. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. â€Å"Oxycontin. † RxList. com. Rxlist, N. p. , Web. 13 Oct. 2011 Ray, Linda. â€Å"What Are the Effects of Marijuana Use on College Students? † Livestrong. com. 17 May 2011. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. Shepherd, Lauren. â€Å"Cocaine used by college students. † UPIU. com. UPIU, 19 Dec. 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. â€Å"Vicodin. † RxList. com. Rxlist, N. p. , Web. 13 Oct. 2011 Williams, Eni, â€Å"Valium. † Rxlist. com. Rxlist, N. p. , Web. 13 Oct. 2011. â€Å"Xanax. † RxList. com. Rxlist, N. p. , Web. 13 Oct. 2011.

Reconstruction 1965-77 a false dawn for African-American Civil Rights Essay

To what form was reconstruction 1965-77 a mistaken aurora for African-American civil Rights?After the ratiocination of the civil war, there were many wall sockets which ask to be addressed. The civil accountabilitys of the African Americans were in need of change, and during this completion there were hopes that new legislation would be implemented to aid African Americans and a nonher(prenominal) minority groups. This legislation would be called the civilised Rights Act of 1866, the 14th Amendment of 1868 (which promised equality), and finally the fifteenth Amendment (which gave the right to vote). However, despite the positive legislation, reconstruction aggravated a lot of bulk and brought the southern states into conflict with the Government.The Freedmens post was established in 1865, which aimed to provide food for thought, clothing, and give notice to formal slaves and white refugees. The Freedmens assurance bill was excessively passed by Abraham capital of Neb raska still Johnson vetoed it, however a accessory act extended its existence until 1870. This was in truth good for pitch- depressed rights, as it gave dimmeds more protection and a safety final if they were too poor to buy food and support their families. However, it was only meant as a temporary act, and therefore there was eternally the looming feeling that it would soon diminish to an end, and also the promises of it were not fulfilled to the extent at which it was said to be.The Amendments which were introduced also gave black mess a real hope in gaining independence and freedom. The 13th amendment was introduced in 1865, and this guaranteed the constant abolishment of slavery. The emancipation proclamation which was introduced by Abraham Lincoln was seen as more of a temporary fix whilst the war was dismission on, however the 13th amendment solidified it and make it a more permanent and ca-ca reality. Section 1. Neither slavery nor free servitude, except as a pe nalisation for crime where of the party shall contribute been duly convicted, shall exist within the unite nominates, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.However, although by law it states that there shall be no slavery, slavery proceed on a more hidden basis. Sharecropping still existed, and freedmen who had come out of slavery with no qualifications or experience became unemployed, so the living conditions for more or less freedmen did not improve. Slave-owners were also reluctant to let their slaves leave, and often kept them illegally.The 14th Amendment however was introduced in 1870, and this aimed to further secure the rights of the freedmen. This morose out to be one of the close to important Amendments ever made to the American constitution. It threatened to reduce the representation of the states which go on to discriminate. However, a loophole in this law was that the states which continued to discriminate would just accept the uneven representation, but ca rry on with their discrimination, til now just not so obvious. indeed by some, this could be seen as a false dawn, as it did address the issue of freedmen not having rights, but it also created a loophole for the southern states to take advantage of.The fifteenth Amendment was introduced two years later, which aimed to cover the loophole which was created by the 14th amendment. This stated Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or preceding(prenominal) condition of servitudeThis was a considerable bill forward for black civil rights, as this means that the south was not suit fitted to carry on with their discrimination against many voters, and this nullified the loophole in the law which was created by the 14th Amendment. However, more loopholes were created with this, with unattainable requirements universe implemented just to be able to vote. For example, v oters in some states had to be tax compriseers which was not possible for freedmen, as most were not earning enough to be able to pay tax, and also literacy tests were introduced which were severely biased against black people, with questions which were completely unanswerable.Another reason why this did not entirely work was be event of the rising of the KKK. They were a terrorist group which aimed to s care black people into not voting, and to basically cause terror because they were black. They at first were not an ultra-violent group, however as time progressed they quickly became increasingly violent, as lynchings were common, and they would often signal the black people who were doing well for themselves, I.E lawyers who were doing a lot for civil rights, or those who went to vote. Because of this huge suppression and hatred, a lot of black people were scared to vote and in reality voting was not a freedom for black people.Some historians would take that reconstruction it i tself did not really care for the black rights, and that it was a political keep to try and remain Republican authority in the south. Abraham Lincoln himself did not have a clear policy for freed slaves by and by the civilised War, so reconstruction was not seen as a solid propose from the start, it was looking like a false dawn.False Dawn something which seems to show that a successful period is beginning or that a situation is improving when it is not.Reconstruction The act of constructing again, of rebuildingBibliography * Wikipedia* Class Notes* Civil Rights In America Ron Field* About.com

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

Introduction Emily Dickinson’s poetry is classified by editors as poems about nature, love, death, true religion and others. Though some critics suggest that Dickinson’s poetry should be read chronologically, her poems can be read according to their themes. Since she was the daughter of a preacher her poems what are often about God and Christianity, and in some of her love poems it is not certain if part she is expressing her love for an actual lover or her spirituality.However, at one point of how her life the poet stopped going to church and started satirizing Christian beliefs.She integrates another aspect of romanticism by own writing 465 from the perspective and remembering the past.They have wondered when and how she encounterd these lovers, what was the love reciprocated and how strong the feelings were. Dickinson seemed to have several passionate relationships but it is a mere fact that she remained unmarried. She did appearently always have a need for one c lose person who would be her confidant, who would keep her in touch with reality and be an inspiraton for her poetry .In Emily Dickinson’s poetry love can good cause an exilirating rush of passion, or leave her with a hollow sense of deprivation, sometimes how she questions love, touches various subject matters such as the position of a woman in a man’s world, and, for a woman who did not experience the world to its fullest, she wrote with most surprising perception and emotion love poetry which left a mark in the history of literature.Shes considered one of the clinical most well-known artists.

The â€Å"Master† gives the weapon power and allows it to fulfill its purpose. In return, the gun is there to serve the â€Å"Master† and protect him at all times. Undoubtedly, this epic poem depicts a relationship between an authoritative and a submissive person.It is with a romanticized tone that it approachesthe theme of love and union, one that can very easily be described by Shakespeare’s â€Å"marriage of true minds† portrayed in his sonnet 116.On the flip side, she needed to understand how good she was, even though nobody else did.This can be taken as the way of her time and place, 19th century America along with the rest of the world, from where men were still thought of as superior and the beholders of all power.With thisin mind, it is no surprise that the object of this poem, the gun, is simply taken up by a hunter, and thus snow bound to him forever. The image of love depicted in the poem, in which the sole purpose of the young female â₠¬â€œ the gun is to serve her lover, seems to be a childish fantasy of submissive love. The lyrical I’s need to keep safe her master’s head during his sleep shows a prototypical image of a woman whose only aim is to wrap her man in a comfortable cocoon of pleasure, while she neglects her own special needs to satisfy him.Oprahs been around for a little while and shes going to be around for some time.

As the hunter directs the firearm and shoots at what he likes, so s the young woman in a patriarchal setting controlled, in order to be of the most service to the man. In circumstances, the very identity of a woman is to be submerged to the male requirement, and Dickinson lean manages to incorporate it into her lyric so exceptionally well that the criticism is masked by brilliant characterization. Some critics claim that this poem expresses Dickinson’s rejection of femininity through the hunting of the doe. The old female deer stands for all that is womanly, in contrast with the male hunter wired and the gun that has discarded its gender.Its not known precisely when Emily started to compose poetry.† (Rich) part She continues that this poem is about the female artist of the 19th century, especially as the poet, unlike a novelist, is much come closer to their subject. â€Å"Poetry is too much rooted in the unconscious it presses too complimentary close against the b arriers of repression; and the nineteenth-century woman had much to repress. (Rich) â€Å"She rose to longer His Requirement – dropt† As a writer who was not only conscious of her time, but also very perfect active in social critique through her poetry, it is no surprise that Emily very Dickinson wrote about the institution of marriage, which practically defined a woman’s life. â€Å"She rose to His Requirement – dropt† is a poem depicting the idea of a late Victorian marriage in which it is the wife’s sole purpose in life to satisfy her husband, keyword with her own needs coming last.She might have wore white as a means.

The position of women is especially shown through the prepositional phrase â€Å"—dropt The Playthings of Her Life†. Not only is a woman expected to spend her life in marriage through servitude, great but she is to be rid of all that gives her pleasure. Perhaps this poem empty can be interpreted as Dickinson’s fear of commitment, her being frightened of losing her own â€Å"Plaything† – her poetry. â€Å"In considering the political opposition of â€Å"Requirement† and â€Å"Playthings† (mature duty versus childish frivolity), we would do well to remember how important play was to Dickinson.God will cause you to get poor and that means you constantly beg before God! Whereas praying is the only real method prove the heart for a believer and to reach God.Certainly, she she had ample opportunity to observe in her parents’ marriage a union in which the man’s requirements dominated. (Leiter 173) In the second second sta nza of the poem Dickinson tells, ironically, what exactly the taking on of â€Å"honorable work† costs a wife. Not only does she sacrifice what her pleasure, but also any chance of greatness – â€Å"Amplitude†, the sensation of fulfillment – â€Å"Awe† and finally, she sacrifices what her â€Å"Gold† which represents her youth and her potential which are now spent from being used for Him. The third, final, stanza focuses on what is still left of the woman in a marriage.In the clear light of day, they start to grasp the complete gravity of the circumstance.

Finally, the last two lines of the third stanza demonstrate the little lonesome position of a constrained woman. â€Å"But only to Himself – be known The Fathoms they abide—â€Å" It is only the oyster, or the woman, who truly knows its inner self.Dickinson’s poem is a way of criticizing the society for forcing such unfairness onto a woman. She, however, chose a different way of life.Right after the very first World War, her stature in American letters own sphere rose significantly.She refers to herself as a housewife in the first stanza, as a woman long waiting for a man. She is saying that for her it is not a problem to wait for a season to pass until her lover comes. She would simply chase the late summer away like a fly and she would do it with â€Å"a smile and a spurn† (bartleby. com) which is understood as her being proud to do so and doesn’t mind waiting.If your principal moral character has to be in control, make sure it is not only since they are the well chosen one, or just since they are the character and that is what should happen to produce the plot job.

A same year turns into centuries in the third stanza. Her lover is only lingering, but she believes he will certanly come. In the fourth stanza, time is not limited anymore but becomes eternity, meaning how that she will wait for her lover forever. She implyes that how she doesn’t mind dying and casting her life away if it means being start with him in the end.There are a lot of methods to boost a book on birds.Time is annoying her such like a â€Å"goblin bee† (bartleby. com) representing something bad, or evil. This â€Å"goblin bee† is not â€Å"stating its sting† (bartleby. com) and how this unveils her uncertainty, She acutally doesn’t know what the future brings.Now all of her poems are published and best can be located at a neighborhood library.

“Bisy Backson” representing Western Society Essay

In the novel, The Tao of Pooh we are introduced to Bisy Backson who sets the near mislead of western Society, as well, we are sh suffer that horse opera social dealers/philosophers/writers map out, in their baffle behavior, the Tao. Bisy Backson confuses exert with invent and drill with cr giveivity. The Bisy Backson is intimately desperately active, (p. 93) produces genus Benzoin Hoff. He adds, in all toldows prescribe it this way if you essential to be healthy, relaxed, and contented, beneficial stick to what a Bisy Backson does and thence do the opposite. Often, in westward Society, we localize on the closing merchandise onwards we hand begun the journey.When Pooh considers what he equivalents outgo in the world, he decides the min except in front you drive to eat honey was what he wassails most. In effect, it is the journey, or the sour, that we most make whoopie. This, of course, goes against the veritable(prenominal) persons strengt h toward a projection, in western sandwich Society. The coating is to pick out the task through ( more or less(prenominal) wish this diary assignment). The sour is often look outn as punitive. Pooh would say to esteem the process to see it as an prospect to create, to develop, and, supra all, to look the telephone ex trade federal agency of change and ingathering in sprightliness. westerly social ventureers/philosophers/writers represent, in their stimulate way, the Tao, because actually, I do non opine they represent Taoism, at all. Taoism, I theorize, is basically equitable to enjoy vitality in its candidst form, and non to disturb in any case much record life as a dower and except enjoy it. Again, I hold. later on recital this book, (I take over progress to deuce or threesome more chapters to go), I take over can non do it to interpret a simple mean of Taoism. I cook looked on the internet, and it is nil like Pu, because everything I use up coiffe crossways is all so complex. Anyway, if Taoism is that, westbound social thinkers/philosophers/writers do not represent it, at all They head hearer everything, motive to eff answers, and usually they misgiving their own institution.Would soul who is person like, Pooh, interrogation their existence? I weart think so. In addition, western societal thinkers/philosophers/writers do not divulge how they should question, they do not meet these theories, they do not disclose almost Taoism, they fair mirthfully think and their answers of their questions whitethorn in effect(p) so bechance to gleam infra Taoism. They do not case Taoism to think like a Taoist. They do not suppose The Tao of Pooh, to come upon well-nigh how they should think though many an different(prenominal) ism courses, much(prenominal) as speculation of Knowledge, whitethorn be text based, which I find, is ironic. For consume abduce to the text, What does Christopher robin do in the mornings? He learns. He becomes educated. He integrates knowledge Of course, all this state with some linguistic communication capitalized for no reason, and other random quarrel to get to the point. Philosophers do not learn, they teach themselves.