Economics of Renewable Resources Essay

Answer any THREE questions. Do not attempt to answer much than three questions. The three questions that you answer pass on be given equal weight.1.(a)Consider now a newly put stand of trees. What decision rule should be employed for de margeining the optimal investment in the trees the optimal rotation given that the stand of trees is cosmos managed on a Single Rotation basis? let off.(b)Now meditate that the stand was, instead, to be managed on a Multiple Rotation basis, rather than a Single Rotation basis. What impact would managing the stand on a Multiple Rotation, as opposed to a Single Rotation, basis arrive at upon the optimal rotation period? Would it be correct to say that the opportunity to use the forest land over and over again for evolution trees, under Multiple Rotation, would blow over to the rotation period being week pertinacious than it would be under a Single Rotation basis? Explain fully.(c)It has been argued that forest policies in most Canadian pr ovinces absorb as their long term goal fully regulated normal forests. Explain, with the advocate of a simple example, what is meant by the term normal forest, as opposed to a single stand of trees. What relevance, if any, does the idea of a normal forest make water to the concept of Maximum Sustained Yield as applied to forestry? Explain.2.The economical science of renewable natural visions has, in all of its sub-branches, a common a priori core. The core consists of the closely linked theory of capital and the theory of investment.You stick canvas the economics of piscary counsel and foresty perplexity. In what sense, if any, can piscary resources and forestry resources he regarded a capital as organises from the point of view of society? With the aid of examples, discuss the opportunities, which society has to invest both positively and negatively, in much(prenominal) resources. What basic rules do the theories of capital and investment suggest that society should pass in making such investment decisions? In light of these rules, trammel what would an economist understand by the term over development of a particularised renewable resource. Under what circumstances would you expect overexploitation given set of renewable resources to be of a chronic problem? Explain.3. (a)The static economic amaze of the tipery studied by you, the Gordon-Schaefer model, predicts that optimal economic management of a fishery resource would always lead to the fishery resource being stabilized above the MSY level. The dynamic, capital theoretic, economic model, also studied by you, gives us no such assurance. On the contrary, the dynamic economic model predicts that optimal economic management of the fishery could easily lead to the fishery resource being stabilized below the MSY level. How can such an app arnt contradiction be developed? Discuss.1(b)The static Gordon-Schaefer economic model of the fishery also predicts that,under Pure Open Access, while on that point will be overexploitation of the fishery resource there will be no danger of the fishery resource being drive to extinction. Yet there are several examples from the material world of fishery resources being driven to at least near extinction. Recall the examples of Norwegian Spring Spawing Herring and the Bering Sea Donought Hole pollock resource. How can you pardon the difference between the Gordon-Schaefer model prediction and what we observe in the real world? Discuss fully.4.Under the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, coastal states, such as Canada, have been given the right to establish 370km max Economic Zones (EEZs). Due to the mobility of most capture fishery resources, most coastal states establishing EEZs find that some of the fishery resources in their EEZs cross the EEZ boundary into neighbouring EEZs, or into the adjacent high seas. The coastal states are thus faced with a shared fish stock management problem.Consider now devil coastal states, A and B, that share a transboundary fish stock, which does not overcompensate into the adjacent high seas. On what grounds can it be argued that, if A and B refuse to cooperate in managing the transboundary fish stock, both A and B will be driven to adopt fishery exploitation strategies that they will know to be harmful? Suppose that A and B agree to cooperate in the management of the transboundary fish stock. A and B are identical in every respect, except that A has a lower social rate of discount than does B. Could this difference in social rates of discount lead to A and B differing in foothold of their management goals for the transboundary fish stock? If so, how? If A and B do have difference resource management goals, does the economic theory of shared fish stock management studied by you suggest that it will be impossible for A and B to establish a successful co-op fisheries management arrangement? Explain.5.Limited innovation Type I fisheries management programs, involv ing limited entryto the fishery combined with Olympics style TACs, have more often than not produced disappointing results. This has led to the adoption of Limited Entry Type II programs in which TACs and limited entry to the fishery are combined with increase rights schemes, the most common of which in Canada consists of ITQs.Discuss the constitution of ITQ schemes, such as those found in B.C., and in so doing explain why economists prefer ITQ schemes in which the individual quotas are (i) long term (in fact, if not in law) (ii) expressed as percentages of the TAC, as well as being transferable. Would it be correct to say that ITQ schemes are feasible only if in single species fisheries, or can they be used in multiple species fisheries as well? Explain. Everyone agrees that there are some fisheries, oddly in developing fishing states, where it is not feasible to implement ITQ schemes. Do alternative harvesting rights schemes exist that might be used in such fisheries? If so, d escribe briefly one such alternative harvesting rights scheme.

Of Mice and Men Character Analysis Essay

Show how Steinbeck shows two characters making difficult decisions in Of mice and Men A decision underside either have a good or bad outcome. In Of Mice and Men characters are do to take difficult decisions which could change their lives. In this essay, I will be analyzing ways in which Steinbeck portrays (shows) difficult decisions made by characters, in the novel. George makes near tough decisions which all lead him to his misery. When George and Lennie are sitting near the fire, George says to Lennie, if I was alone I could live so easy no maw at all, An whatta I gotI got you Georges feeling is not easy because he has to deal with Lennie, who gets into trouble-most of the time. Choosing to take care of Lennie, instead of abandoning him is a tough excerption this is what leads George to this painful outcome.When talking to Carlson after killing Lennie, Georges voice was almost a whisper. He looked at his hand that held the gun. George is direct lonely sand he feels guilty f or taking Lennies life away. George chose to kill Lennie because if he didnt, Lennie would be killed painfully by Curley, and George does not emergency Lennie to suffer. glass is forced to make difficult choices which all result in him facing terrible outcomes. After the death of his dog, glaze says I ought to of changeful that dog myself, George. I shouldnt ought to of let no stranger rent my dog. Candy without delay has a feeling of regret and he misses his dog. Candy lets Carlson shoot his dog because he feels he has no other choice barely to let him because he thinks they would kick him off the ranch.After finding Curleys wife dead, knowing it was Lennie, Candy spoke his greatest fear. You an me can get that little place cant we, George? Candy dropped his peak and looked down at the hay. He knew. Candys dreams are now flattened as he knows that they will no longer draw out to try to get the little ranch. He had so much swear when he decided to join George and Lennie on their dream, but now he has to stay on the ranch because he has no other options. Candy on the button wanted to get off the ranch and keep his dog, but could not do either because of the choices he was forced to make.These characters made catchy decisions which they thought would make their lives better but instead they changed their lives for the worse. They all just wanted a happy life but they all missed the chance to get this happiness at the end of the novel. Whether their choices were forced or freely made,they did not make the right decisions to reach their dreams.

Characterization of the Film Sling Blade

The mental picture in Sling Blade which our class watched effectively created instanceization for the character known as Carl. To begin the facial expression, it starts with Carl sitting and listening to a mate in the same institution. A medico interrupts his lambasting and says there argon some people for you to see. The look on the man discontinue is dumbfounded. I can infer this is because Carl doesnt receive many visitors. This is the authors first note of characterization. It shows that Carl wasnt a very popular man.Also throughout the scene there are dimmed lights, which make the earshot believe that Carl is a dark person. He killed a man, and he never talks, all daunt characteristics which also contribute to the dark persona Carl seems to be carrying. The pay off continues to talk to Carl with precautions before they enter the interviewing room. He does this by using a politic voice and informing Carl its a woman which makes us indecision Carls character. Carl co uld be sexist, he might have killed a woman, or the doctor may just be saying this to persuade Carl into going.The doctor then enters a room with two women, he makes one of them leave, he turns the lights off, and then informs the interviewer that Carl doesnt like to answer questions. The detail that the doctor is taking so many reforms to reassure Carls satisfaction is rightly acknowledged by the interviewer when she asks what is stopping him from killing again. It also proves that the minor details shown by the doctor are proof that he doesnt believe Carl is ready to leave. This is a bulky reflection on Carls character, showing that he is like a ticking time bomb waiting to explode.Carl finally enters the room and the audience is able to hear his first words. The transition can be matt-up by the viewer when the camera focuses in on Carl. His speech is raspy, and he is confined in his posture, fiddling with his hands. This shows low self-esteem which is also conveyed in his interv iew. He opens up to everyone in the room. He expresses his difficult childhood which creates empathy and condolence within the audience. This is the main transition, when the audience starts to feel sorrow towards the man who grew up in the barn, who was picked on in school, and who was fed pretty regular.The man sounds as if he was being raise as an animal, and yet the flair he conveyed his story sounded as if he was complacent with the way his parents raised him. Carl characterized his dad by saying my father was a hard works man, more than I can say for myself. This describes Carl as a man with values. This intriguing man, known as Carl, has been characterized by many separate factors. entirely of which create someone who has great psychological obstacles which can make the average person understand further why Carl committed the crime he did.

Public Sector

The country was facing problems like inequalities in income and out dress out levels of employment, regional im proportions in economic development and lack of trained manpower. India at that meter was predominantly an agrarian miserliness with a weak industrial base, low level of savings, inadequate investments and infrastructure facilities. In view of this type of socio-economic set up, our visionary leaders drew up a roadmap for the development of habitual sphere of influence as an instrument for self-reliant economic growth.This guiding component part led to the passage of industrial form _or_ system of government Resolution of 1948 and followed by Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956. The 1948 Resolution envisaged development of core empyreans through the mankind enterprises. customary Sector would correct the regional imbalances and create employment. Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 laid emphasis on the expansion of production, both rude and industrial and in pa rticular on the production of chief city equipment and goods squ are(p) the basic needs of the people, and of commodities the export of which would increase earnings of foreign replace. . 1. 3 In early socio-economic classs of independence, capital was scarce and the base of entrepreneurship was as well as non strong enough.Hence, the 1956 Industrial Policy Resolution gave primacy to the mathematical function of the enjoin which was directly responsible for industrial development. Consequently the planning process (5 grade Plans) was initiated taking into account the needs of the country. The new strategies for the macrocosm heavens were later(prenominal) outlined in the form _or_ system of government statements in the years 1973, 1977, 1980 and 1991. The year 1991 mess be termed as the watershed year, heralding liberalisation of the Indian economy. 2- 1. 1. 4 The mankind sector provided the required thrust to the economy and developed and nurtured the human resources , the vital ingredient for success of any enterprise humans or private. 1. 2 GLOBAL TREND industrial revolution in Europe. With the advent of globalization, the overt sector faced new ch allenges in the developed economies. No all-night the public sector had the privilege of operating in a sellers mart and had to face competition both from domestic and inter national competitors.Further, in the arcsecond half of the 20th century in the developed economies, the political assurance started swinging towards the views that the intervention as well as investment by Government in commercialized activities should be reduced to the extent possible. 1. 2. 1 The Public Sector emerged as the driver of economic growth issue to the 1. 2. 2 Many eminent economists argued that Government must not move into those areas, where the private sector could undertake job efficiently.Lot of emphasis was laid on market driven economies, rather than say controlled and administered economies. The co llapse of socialist economy of the Soviet block convinced the policy planners, around the world, that role of the State should be that of a facilitator and regulator rather than the producer and manager. It may be worth mentioning that, in divers(a) countries, the turn towards liberalism including deregulation and decontrol alike led to discontent amongst some sections of population as its benefit did not flow down to the weaker and disadvantaged sections of society. . 2. 3 Today, both Public Sector & Private Sector keep become an integral part of the economy. in that location may not be much difference in work of these sectors in advanced countries, still in developing countries, the performance of Public Sector has considerable scope for improvement. It is also observed that Pay packages are almost similar in both sectors in developed countries, but large differences exist in remuneration in the two sectors in developing countries, like ours. -3- 1.3 Economic Scenario and Ro le of Public Sector in India General perspective 1. . 1 Government of India, as part of its national agenda to promote growth, increase in efficiency and internationalistic warlikeness, has been perpetually framing policies for industrial growth, fiscal, trade and foreign investment to achieve general socio-economic development of the country. As a result of exceptionally severe balance of payments and fiscal crisis in the year 1991, the government decided to shift to a liberalized economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign direct investment. 1. 3. The Government realized that a strong and growth oriented nation could be built if India grows as part of the world economy and not in isolation. Thus, liberalising and deregulatory move were initiated from the year 1991 onwards, which aimed at supporting growth and integration with the global economy.Since then, the thrust of juvenile Economic Policy has been on progres sive reforms such as diminution in the scope of industrial licensing, reforms in the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act, drop-off of areas reserved exclusively for public sector, disinvestment of quity of selected public sector enterprises (PSEs), enhancing limits of foreign candor participation in domestic industrial undertakings, liberalization of trade and exchange rate policies, rationalization and reduction of customs and excise duties and personal and bodied income taxes, promoting FDI, investments from NRIs (Non-Resident Indians), extension of the scope of CENVAT, implementing the VAT regime in States, taking steps to switch over to goods & services tax system w. e. f. 01. 04. 010, e-governance and simplification of various procedures, rules and regulations etc. 1. 3. 3 Since the setting up of World Trade scheme (WTO) in the year 1995, as an apex body at the international level, to which India is a signatory, the world trade has definitely grown there by grownup indications that international trade reforms do play an important role in boosting economic development of various countries. 1. 3. 4 Industrial policy has seen a sea change with most Central Government industrial controls being liquidated.The Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) were classified into strategic and non-strategic. Strategic CPSEs were identify in -4- the areas of (a) Arms & Ammunition and the allied items of defence equipments, Defence air-crafts and warships (b) atomic Energy (except in the areas related to the operation of nuclear power and applications of beam and radio-isotopes to agriculture, medicine and non-strategic industries) and (c) Railway transport. All different CPSEs were considered as non-strategic.Further, Industrial licensing by the Central Government has been almost abolished except for a few precarious and environmentally sensitive industries. 1. 3. 5 The main elements of the present Government policy towards Public Sector ent erprises as contained in the National Common tokenish Programme (NCMP) are reproduced below i) To devolve full managerial and commercial autonomy to successful, profit devising companies operating in a competitive environment ii) Generally , profit-making companies will not be privatized ii) Every parkway will be do to modernize and restructure sick public sector companies and revive sick industry iv) Chronically loss making companies will either be sold off, or closed, after all workers have got their legitimate dues and compensationv) Private industry will be inducted to turn-around companies that have potential for revival vi) Privatization revenues will be used for designated social sector schemes vii) Public sector companies and nationalized banks will be encouraged to enter the capital market to raise resources and offer new investment avenues to retail investors. . 3. 6 The Government has made a clear commitment to empowering the CPSEs and their managements. It was recogn ised that public enterprises could not compete effectively with private entrepreneurs without freedom to function and persist -5- commercially. Thus, the concept of Navratna and Mini-Ratna was introduced with greater delegated authority, both financial and managerial. Government has realized that Navratnas, Mini-ratnas and other CPSEs are required to grow and deliver on the promises they have made to their stakeholders.Other reforms have also been announced, such as professionalisation of the Boards of Directors of public sector enterprises and evaluation of performance of CPSEs through Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). 1. 4 mental process Status wide range of activities in the manufacturing, engineering, steel, heavy machinery, machine tools, fertilizers, drugs, textiles, pharmaceuticals, petro-chemicals, declension and refining of crude oil and services such as telecommunication, trading, tourism, warehousing, etc. and a range of consultancy services.

Raising Achievement in Science (Physics, Chemistry or Biology)

appointment 1 peak Achievement in Science (Physics, Chemistry or Biology) (PGCE programme) This identification is set at H? level. (3000 words +/- 10%) Assignment confinement With reference to your narration in the relevant research, write about how you view raised or could have raised the motion of a direct-age child or small group of scholarly persons whom you have taught this year.There must(prenominal) be a clear link between the discussion of the t all(prenominal)ing and acquirement that took fix in your class and the relevant research on attainment you must provide a sound rationale for your teaching methods and strategies. The school, teachers and students must be anonymous. Introduction It should constantly be our aim as teachers to raise the execution of the pupils in our cargon so that they are attaining at their sufficient potential.It entrust also be useful for you to discuss these issues with those you work with at school (mentor, PCM, SENCO, etc. ) and t o observe closely how these are addressed in schoolroom practice. However, in this assignment, it would be especially appropriate for you to select a crabbed pupilor group of pupils who you work with in the classroom and who have specific challenges in attaining theirfull potential in science (see below for suggestions), and for you to focus on strategies and techniques for bread and butter their particular needs.The generic assignment briefing at the top of this varlet asks you to discuss a particular pupil or group of pupils and how you cap competency have raised, or did raise, their achievement in science (and specially in your own specia incline turn back of Biology, Chemistry or Physics), linking aspects of the teaching and learning with the relevant research carried out in your literature review. In identifying the pupil or group you intend to refer to, consider the range of children who faculty under(a)? achieve Gender boys/girls those with special educational needs the clever and talented literacy in Science children in care minority cultural children travellers young carers those from families under stress pregnant school girls and teenage mformer(a)s (http//www. education. gov. uk/schools/pupilsupport) and the reasons and issues environ underachievement inequalities in class (social background), ethnicity, and/or gender need of motivation lack of suitable challenge the appropriateness of activities and tasks a mis? match of expectations a perceived irrelevance of the activities and tasks Some further thoughts The following is based on the stem Improving auxiliary Schools, the Hargreaves Report on secondary schools in the fellowshipable London Education Authority (1984).This was summarised in West, A & Dickey, A (1990) The Redbridge utmost School English Hand hold L. B. Redbridge Advisory Service. The report defined foursome aspects of pupil achievement (think carefully about how these apply to science and your chosen discipline) 1 . This aspect involves most of all, the capacity to express oneself in a create verbally form. It requires the capacity to retain propositional knowledge, to select from such knowledge appropriately in response to a specified request and to do so speedily without reference to possible sources of information.The capacity to memorise and organize material is particularly important. 2. This aspect is concerned with the capacity to apply knowledge rather the knowledge itself with the practical rather than the theoretical with the oral rather than the written. Problem firmness and investigational skills are more important than the retention of knowledge. 3. This aspect is concerned with personalised and social skills the capacity to communicate with others in face to face relationships the ability to co? operate with others in the interests of the group as well as the individual initiative, self? eliance and the ability to work alone without close watch and the skills of leadership. 4. This aspect involves motivation and commitment the willingness to accept failure without destructive consequences the homework to persevere the self confidence to learn in spite of the impediment of the task. Such motivation is often regarded as a prerequisite to achievement rather than as an achievement in itself. We do non sweep that motivation is a prerequisite to other aspects of achievement, but we also view that it can be regarded as an achievement in its own right. What do we mean by under? achievement? Achievement below expectations Underachievement is a discrepancy between a childs school deed and some index of the childs ability. (Rimm, S (1977) An Underachievement Epidemic educational Leadership 54 (7)) An underachiever is A young person, at each significant stage of education that has not reached the expected levels set by the government. (Princes Trust) You are recommended, for example, to go to the web? site www. dfe. gov. uk/schools/pupilsupport Look under Inclusion and Learner Support. You will see a key of items including Minority ethnic achievement and Gender and Achievement.The written adjudicate The title and subject matter of the assignment are as put out at the top of this briefing document under Raising Achievement in Science. The essay should be about tiptop achievement in the learning of science in your specific discipline (physics, chemistry or biology). You are expected to have read widely in the process of carrying out this assignment, showing render in your write of an appropriate depth and breadth In addition, you are expected to decipher upon your own experience and observation from schools you have been in References to publications in our school textbook should provide the author, date and page number. A bibliography must be provided with full details of relevant texts that you have read. An omitted bibliography/references section can result in a fail grade for the assignment. Advice on correct referencing is contained in the Assignment Guide available on UEL Plus. Any materials you have produced in pursuance to raise achievement in the classroom whitethorn be lay in the body of the assignment or an appendix as appropriate. These materials may be referred to in order to exemplify points made in the essay. escort that you offer some critique of the points raised from your reading and experience be aware that there are alternative viewpoints be careful not to simply offer subjective statements. Points made should be justified from evidence of experience, observation and/or reading. Offer critical analysis of what you have read, sight and taught in respect of this task and some alternative approaches. Do not necessarily take educational writers views or those of colleagues at face appraise. Submission The assignment should be approximately 3000 words +/? 0%, not including quotations or appendices. A reference list/bibliography must be included. completely referencing should follow the Harvard system as detailed in the following book (available from the bookshop) Pears, R & Shields, G (2010) reference point Them Right ? 8th ed. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan An e-book version of Cite Then Right is also available on UEL Plus cover any schools, teachers and pupils anonymous. Annotated Bibliography Monday 12th November, 2013 by 500pm submitted by e-mail immediately to your tutor Assignment submission (electronic)Monday 7th January, 2013 by 23. 59 hr The assignment should be submitted electronically using the Turnitin protocol. A suggested starter reading list Younger, M & Warrington, M (2005) Raising Boys Achievement in Secondary Schools Oxford OUP You might also download the following document http//publications. dcsf. gov. uk/default. aspx? PageFunction=productdetails&PageMode=publications&ProductId=DCSF? RR086& When looking for resources in the Library, remember that areas of the Library, in addition to education, may be worth a look at eg.Child Developme nt and Child Psychology (these books are held deep down the Health and Bi? Science collections). What is an Annotated Bibliography? A Bibliography is simply a list of books relevant to the study being undertaken and which have been referred to when preparing the study. The list is referenced in the proper manner (refer to the book Cite Them Right and to the guidance at the end of this document). An Annotated Bibliography is where, under each book/article reference, there are a few brief sentences / short paragraph summarising the key points of the text where they are relevant to the current study.Here is a brief, example related to achievement of girls in science Kelly, A. (1986), The development of girls and boys attitudes to science A longitudinal study, European Journal of Science Education, Volume 8, Issue 4 Attitude? to-science tests were accomplished by 1300 pupils, at ten schools, when they were 11 years old and once again two and a half years later. During that time their interest in most branches of science decreased, but both girls and boys became more interested in learning about human biology.Their opinions about science and scientists also became loosely less favourable, but pupils grew more willing to see science as suitable for girls. The attitude changes varied considerably from school to school, and were slightly divulge in schools which had implemented a programme of interventions to improve childrens attitudes than in other schools. There was considerable stability in the attitudes of individual children over the terminus of the study. The idea of the annotated bibliography is to gather together a range of relevant literature which will, at a later stage, be the basis for extended physical composition and study.

Leadership: do traits matter? Essay

Managers fill skillful and intelligent leadinghip to make an organization successful. The reason is that talented attracters drop drive their subordinates to reach out goals and objectives of an organization. That go out enable organizations to endure competitive in the market. To be a successful leader at that place should be several qualities. such as efficient communication skills, effective decision making, effective planning, effective coaching skills, effective people circumspection skills and effective motivating skills. These qualities of a competent leader ar call for to plan to meet the requirements of an organization. Sailan also should have leading who have above-named qualities part facing a turbulent situation. As mentioned above Sailan has been flunk to produce good advanced level and ordinary level results. Beca subroutine of that, it has been exhausting to achieve the competitive payoff for them as well. (ukessays, 2017)The following manners co rnerstone be used to review current leaders requirements of Sailan global school.360-degree feedback according to Linda (2014) through and through this 360 feedback employees or managers crowd out get feedbacks regarding their strengths and flunkes or competencies from peers, supervisors, direct reports and customers. According to (Neil, 2017)this method can be used to evaluate the work of the whole organization. in particular weaknesses of employees can be identify. This method is so important for Sailan. The reason is that while facing a turbulent situation identifying weaknesses of teachers and the principal is in truth important. If thither is any weakness in teaching the principal/ leader can arrange training programs to improve teaching skills. If thither is any weakness in conditionling teachers of the principal, director of education can send him for some leadership programs. When this happens Sailan volition be able to produce good results and achieve the imaginat iveness. purge teachers can get a clear picture of their performance by this method.Blake and Mouton managerial grid according to Peiris (2016) the managerial grid includes various techniques to evaluate leadership requirements. This grid is an important tool for managers to break apart their own leadership styles. According to Patty (2013), this grid has 81 leadership styles. Some of them are impoverished counsel, country club, task management, middle of the road, team up management and team management. With the problem that Sailan faces at the moment team management is appropriate for Sailan. According to this leaders encourage and motivate their employees. Even leaders get a lot of respect from their employees. The principal can bring up sectioned heads who can get respect from teachers. wherefore Sectional heads/ leaders of Sailan can motivate teachers to produce good results and achieve the vision. When teachers become patriotic to the sectional heads those teachers wi ll give their best to Sailan. That will enable Sailan to turn in high-quality teaching for students.SWOT analysis SOFT analysis can be used to recognize strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization. Internal and external factors can be identified by this analysis. (Mike, 2016) When considering the strengths of Sailan, which has got a lot of facilities in comparison to other multinational schools in that particular force field. For example, they have their own ground, an auditorium that more than 1500 people can be seated. Even an indoor stadium (almost finished) and a swimming mob have been under construction. The discipline of Sailan has been really good when compared with other international schools. That is one of the primary(prenominal) reasons that most of the parents are willing to send their children to Sailan.The main opportunity of Sailan is that this is mainly a Muslim community-based school. So easily they can get the attraction of Muslims wh o are living in that particular area rather than other international schools. The main weakness of this is lack of results. In last few years A/L and O/L results have been low compared to other schools. When talking about threats, there are a lot of competitive international schools situated around Sailan. Such as gateway, STThomes, ST Nicholas, Lyceum, Leeds, Negombo south etc. Especially leading of Sailan should consider the weaknesses and threats. Leaders of Sailan such as Director of education, principal, and sectional heads need to correct if there is an error in the education system of Sailan. Principal or sectional heads can supervise teaching.Sectional heads can get feedbacks about the teaching of teachers from students. Even teachers can be asked to write lesson plans. Training programs can be provided for teachers. By monitoring teachers and providing training programs quality of teaching can be improved. It will lead to producing good O/L and A/L results. Then weaknesses of Sailan can be avoided. When producing good results Sailan can face threats easily. Even leader of Sailan should be able to exploit strengths and opportunities as well.3.2 plan for the development of time to come situations requiring leadership.The leadership plays a major role in achieving competitive advantage in the industry. The leaders usually create strategies to drive employees to attain vision and mission of an organization. (research papers, 2013) As mentioned above Sailan has threats from its rivals. Even when the school develops more teachers will be recruited in the future. Then leadership will be needed to control them. Controlling a large number of teachers will not be an easy task. Leaders of Sailan will need more skills to control those teachers. And also recruitment and selection process has to be considered by leaders at Sailan when it develops. Especially Proper recruitment method and recruiting cost is very crucial for Sailan. Some suggestions are mentioned i n the following which can use to identify how to plan for the development of future s

Down the Road: My Personal Authentic Leadership Journey Essay

Born in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, where arms and ammunition for armed forces of Pakistan are made and distri furthered to varied locations of the country, my leading timeline reflects that leading are moulded by the purgets they encountered and overcome to become who they are today. My business relationship begins with a father whose sole goal in life was to permit us the instruction that he k parvenue was vital to our aim to be made as role sit downs and leaders. Because education is non all about concur learning, my family paid special attention to educating us about morals and ethics.Via spiritual education, I found the virtue of macrocosm a good valet de chambre with a healthy belief system. To a leader you have to abide a strong foundation in values and how those values define our e in truth(prenominal) activity. Discussion Because of this emphasis on education, I found myself rase more drawn to furthering my own knowledge and uncovering my strengths and weakness es as a contri scarcelying member of society. I maxim my father as a role model who trustd his familys needs above his own.By moving out of his native village, he took the first steps towards providing his children with the outdo possible opportunities to get good standard education and develop high-pitched moral values and ethics in their personalities. As my father is rise up educated, he expected that his children too relieve oneself their full potential. Unfortunately, during my high computer program courses I performed poorly and was forced to spring even harder to improve myself. Upon stint college, I selected to be a class representative because I saw myself as having both(prenominal) good interaction skills as well as the aptitude for solving problems between individuals.This was the first time that I agnize that my goals to become a good leader were indeed possible and attainable. In hindsight, I see that this interaction was the basis for some lead traits (ht tp//www. stewart-associates. co. uk/ lead-models. aspx). For example, during conflicts I rose to the occasion and alleviated group stresses, persistently overcame dilemmas, cooperated with my bloke classmates in solving problems, was seen as a dependable role model for raze class men, and easily adapted to situations when demand.This initial experience began to give me the sureness that I needed to observe that I could success amply aid my fellow college students and being a strong representative of their requests and voices (http//www. buzzle. com/editorials/9-3-2004-58861. asp). It was only due to this sureness that I persistently applied for admission to several universities in Pakistan even though I had failed to obtain admission into any high be universities. To my parents, this was an embarrassment and the shame that they felt tore at my heart however though I was upset I realized I was not de-motivated.Instead, I adapted and improvised to the situation and selected to do my last family in college once again so as to receive higher marks. My self-restructuring stews paid off and I achieved higher marks than any mavin had expected from me. These apply efforts are once again the markings of a young leader and tail assembly be visually seen in the graph below Image taken from (http//images. google. com/imgres? imgurl=http//api. ning. com/files/pAqrWCqLQC2AgQvsxfBsUXwOyx42-xPKmO6TQFFNQ5tMD1CBzFkfU7rWUpMX6Siqa6k*LAJmr*e4wYGKq7zMGn6UmTHdk6fy/Leadershipmodel. gif.jpg&imgrefurl=http//mylinkingpowerforum. ning. com/xn/detail/u_3jluv5gj6mp9a&usg=__AwGvnrelt3BvpCbfy005kjVXiE4=&h=278&w=320&sz=13&hl=en& starting signal=10&um=1&tbnid=7oYMmH6hwuxfUM&tbnh=103&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dleaders%2Bmodel%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26um%3D1) My hard work would never go to waste material and this renewed energy gave me the needed push to start my higher education at some good university. This effort ties in to the lead model reflected by T. McGregor (1906-1964) whic h specifies that theatre directors tend to make two different assumptions about military personnel nature.These surveys he explored in his theory X and theory Y where in theory Y he states that The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. (http//www. stewart-associates. co. uk/leadership-models. aspx) My effort had indeed paid off and my father was able to launch me to the UK for my higher education. It was hard, after starting the application process, Sept 11th occurred and the British embassy in Pakistan elected to close down its visa section for 6 months which forced me to postpone my studies until Oct 2002.In spite of this delay, my only repair was to kept up the anticipate and glide by my computer course, IELTS, and TOEFL studies until April of 2002. I study that this element of hope despite such hardships falls under the judgment of a required trait leadership because without hope you go away not feel the read to continue on i n pick ups, goals or objectives. enchantment research may micturate shown that there are no consistent traits which make a leader there is merit to the argument that a hope-less leader will not be a successful one (http//www. leadership-studies. com/documents/mgmt_standards. pdf).So here I was in April of 2002 in the UK, and excited to being a new life on my own but fully aware of the hardships that I would encounter faced with a different culture. This hotheaded difference would force me into getting a place to live, finding myself a avocation, and saving while I took time off from my college, Financial schooling Company (FTC). I was lucky to find a living place with my childhood friends who were very supportive and I excessively found a job at Burger King, a local fast food restaurant. I started my Associate Accounting Technician (AAT) qualification and completed this qualification by celestial latitude 2004.It was during this time that I also made several mistakes and suf fered from heavy losses, both on a socially and financially level. It was not easy adapting but I learnt from any mistakes that I made. I learnt how to deal my 5 friends (both jr. and older than me) living together and how to explain and assert myself when needed. I also learnt how to juggle the complexities associated with both working and going to school full time because in meet of 2003 I was forced to get a job at Sainsburys local store. After working for Sainsburys for sise months, I had an opportunity to step up as a supervisor and take on more responsibilities.During the interview process, I was the lucky candidate selected to become a supervisor. There were interviews held for this position and I was the successful candidate. This was very encouraging for me as my hard work and commitment to this job had paid off. The film directors checked my performance track record and they found me to be gross(a) fit for this role. I was taken aback when they decided that I would h ave to undergo more training prior to being able to get a shift by myself as manager. During this period, I completed a 3 month training only to find that upper counseling itself changed.So here I found a challenge when the new managers arrived at the branch they refused to promote me and official stated that I would need training for another 4 to 6 months. At that time, this became a very depressing situation for me. Even though I had passed all required tests for the position, it was under the managers end discretion to allow the advancement or not. Though I was disappointed, I did not lose hope and continued to struggle to my end goal. It took me another six weeks to prove myself as a good team leader who had the necessary capabilities to lead by example.That was a victorious moment for me when the store manager called me in the component and signed my promotion certificate. Due to my exposure at Sainsbury to various leadership models and techniques, I felt especially drawn t o the concept of the action focus on leadership structure. Via this model, I was introduced to the value of having a leader who performs activities and through these actions shows his or her employees the significance of balancing the needs of the employees with the requirements and expectations of the team. I came across many managers with different leadership styles e. g.manager or morning shift used to choose shop faced up and tidied while the one running the even out shift always focussed more on tills and customer value activities. For me, I saw that the true objective of an action plan is to efficaciously gauge what tasks must be accomplished in order for a project to be successfully completed. The leader of this situation is portrayed as a helicopter lightly gliding over the situation and having a positive overview of what is occurring through the project lifecycle. This allows for the task to been seen and directed to keep in line that bring in objectives are being met, and procedures are being adhered to.In the beginning I faced resistance from my own colleagues. They sometimes refused to do what I told them or argued and made lame excuses about why they could not accomplish a task. The reason for this behaviour was obvious. They felt that I who had been their co-worker just old age before was now their boss. The assignment of jobs from me made them clearly uncomfortable and they rebelled. I had to handle the situation very carefully by delegating the work as well as helping them, by assuring them that though I was a team leader I was also split up of the team.I could also see if there was endorse of gird and ensure that all deadlines are being met for the assignment (http//www. skagitwatershed. org/donclark/leader/leadcon. hypertext mark-up language). This elevated view allows for the leader to guide his employees while functions are being performed to complete the project. From a higher perspective, such a leader is enabled with the vital c omponent of perceive all aspects of the situation from the viewpoint of the task, the team, and the individual within the team. The team will see my commitment to the task assigned, and feel the same level of aim that I feel.This will allow the team to grow in their cohesion, drive for success, and gleam trust from each other. To an individual, this status allows for individual growth in their career objectives because they feel that their contribution is being acknowledged and is evident in the team circles. Feedback both for the leaders as well as from the leadership capacity allows for better commitments, respect, security, and change of direction if required. Key to this model is the evidence of plans being successfully outlined and modified if required (http//www.stewart-associates. co. uk/leadership-models. aspx). Such leaders are aware that sometimes change is necessary for a project to be successful. Some of my workers were habitually taking longer breaks, not twist up f or work and even stealing stock. Because of my strong leadership traits I able to convert many of them into giving up their bad habits and tone of voice that they could be good workers. This act of situational leadership enforced the concept that I needed to coach, direct, support, and delegate activities and behaviours for my co-workers (http//www.chimaeraconsulting. com/sitleader. htm). One supportive characteristic was my decisiveness was my decision to not take illegal action against one of my co-workers who my deputy manager disliked. I found myself faced with extra work and stress because of his anger, but because I was a strong believer in Thortons 3C leadership model (challenge, confidence, coaching) I felt that my personal challenge in this causa was to bear up under the difficulty and coach my employees into sharing my goals and decorous inspired by them (http//www.quickmba. com/mgmt/leadership/3c/). If I had given into the deputy managers illegal tactics I would destro y the confidence that they had begun to feel in my and my efforts to help them be successful. My self-confidence and ambition led me to try out employment in a company which also felt besides attuned, Dixons Plc. At Dixons, I was hired as a sales advisor, where within weeks I showed my employers my excellence in performance. They rewarded me with huge bonuses and commissions.They too believed in the Thortons 3Cs Leadership Model and challenged me to benchmark my progress and highlighted my strengths and how I could become even more successful. Enriched by this experience, I was only too happy to continue my learning in how to arrange credit agreements with the HFC bank and how to help oneself our customers with after sales services. This continued to build up my confidence because the ambitious goals that were set by my company were attainable and they showed me that I had the ability to reach the sales goals and quotas expected from me.Concluding Remarks My experiences have mol ded me from a worn out young man to an assertive one. Without the guide my father, my manager, and my exposure to the working humans and its expectations from me I would be unable to be the leader that I am today. I hope that by learning about new leadership techniques I may one day be able to progress into an even more experienced managerial role. I believe that my leadership traits and qualities have enriched my life and aided me in my attempts to overcome the hurdles and challenges impel my way.References Bass, Bernard (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 18, Issue 3, Winter, 1990, 19-31. Bolden, R. , Gosling, J. , Marturano, A. and Dennison, P. A analyze OF LEADERSHIP THEORY AND COMPETENCY FRAMEWORKS (2003). Retrieved March 27, 2009 from http//www. leadership-studies. com/documents/mgmt_standards. pdf Clark, Don. Concepts of Leaders. Retrieved March 27, 2009 from http//www. skagitwatershed. org/ donclark/leader/leadcon. htmlChimaera Consulting Limited (1999). Situational Leadership. Retrieved March 27, 2009 from http//www. chimaeraconsulting. com/sitleader. htm Thornton, Paul B. Be the Leader, Make the dispute Thornton, Thorntons 3-C Leadership Model. Website. Retrieved March 27, 2009 from http//www. quickmba. com/mgmt/leadership/3c/ Models and Theories. Website. Retrieved March 27, 2009 from http//www. stewart- associates. co. uk/leadership-models. aspx Leadership Qualities. Retrieved March 27, 2009 from http//www. buzzle. com/editorials/9-3-2004-58861. asp

Nokia’s Luxury Mobile Phone for the Urban Rich Case Study Analysis Essay

IntroductionNokia, which is known to be a extravagance erratic phoneular phone, is located in Finland and is a manufacturer of telecommunication equipment, including an ebullient supple spin. It is app bent that the cellular phone, which was originated and presented by Frank Nuovo in 1997. It appears that this luxuriousness mobile device was directed mainly for the rich, and non the normal, public mobile phone user. The device is appealing to many, lighten is not realistically priced for the everyday individual. The manufacture of this luxury phone is connoisseurship, a manufacturer who aims toward luxury services, including the finest designs, design and manufacturing. They have put together this luxury mobile phone employ innovations in the devising and the technology of mobile phones, along with the normal workmanship, but at senior high school-end prices. Vertus headquarters are located in England and their products are in over 500 stores, across 66 countries. out line of the SituationNokias CEO, Stephen Elop join the company and within 5 months, on February 11, 2011, Stephen Elop proclaimed that Nokia was implementing a briskness mobile phone with Microsofts new Windows program, which was unconfirmed as Nokias main smart phone. After making this announcement on February 11, 2011, the stock dropped and the share price went down by 14 cents, because the market was not interested in a smart phone that had not proved itself. With the stock dropping, Elop went full force to save Nokia and partnered up with Microsoft to manufacture and introduce a new global ecosystem in a mobile phone. The partnership led Nokia to producing the Vertu Luxury cell phone. This luxury mobile device was created by Frank Nuovo.Key IssuesBecause of the 14 cent share drop in stock, Nokia had to implement a envision to better their company. Nokias market was decreasing and this is when Stephen Elop was hired, in order to strive the changes to allow the company and th e product to improve. Elop decided to utilize the newer Windows technology in connection with the mobile device. This was something that was new to the market, and the market was not familiar with this sort of mobile device technology. The problems that Nokia was facing were explained in a memo as there being an absence of leadership, along with office andcollaboration internally, leading to the inability of Nokia to sufficiently, effectively and timely provide innovative products to the people.Define the ProblemThe problem that is at hand is that Nokia had decided to micturate on a new technology and operating system, allowing the possibility of things firing negatively and the companys shares dropping even more, because new technology and operating systems is what caused the shares to drop, to begin with. With Nokia operating with the Symbian operating system, it left it outdated because the packet was one that was definitely outdated. Apple came in with a high technology and highly updated operating system, leaving Nokia in a position where they were not keeping up with the competition and having difficulty delivering innovative products quickly enough.Selected resolve to the ProblemWith this new luxury mobile device that Nokia was producing, it was rapidly increase and spreading around in the luxury mobile device market. This make the device look promising along with attracting new customers. Other brands joined the growing new market, such as Gresso and GoldVish and Mobiado. Elop knew he had to do something and he solved this problem by choosing Vertu Luxury Mobile Phone. Since two Nokia and Microsoft have been popular and present for a long period of time, they were commensurate to join forces and develop a product which was an outstanding one. Although the cost is high and the product tends to serve just the rich, this was the plan that was put into place from the start, works and operating in an ever changing area. Apples phones are suitable to be affordable and dominate its area of services, and with Nokia joining forces with Microsoft, they were able to create their luxury line for the rich.ImplementationThere was originally an intro level luxury mobile device, which Nokia had propelled, before the subsidiary of Nokia, Vertu, was released. This luxury mobile device was the Nokia branded 8800 Series which sold for $1,300. The Nokia 8800 series special sport was announced in 2006, with Aston Martin and then the 24 karat gold plated device came along, the Nokia 8800 Sirocco Gold, in 2007. Nokia continued to move forward and in 2008 they presentedthe Nokia 8800 nose candy Arte. As long as Nokia was able to continue to enable Vertu to lead in the high-end luxury mobile device, they were able to empower Vertu.

Health Care Spending

wellness C be spend Paper Rosie L. Eckford HCS/440 ECONOMICS THE FINANCING OF HEALTH CARE July 2, 2012 Instructor Lori Geddes wellness accusation is a very important sector in the countries around the world. The countries and the establishment always keep some cash in their budget in relation to the health c atomic number 18 activities in their countries. In the coupled States of the States withal, in that respect argon accredited provisions in relation to the health dispense. The paper shall discuss about the health carry off spending in relation to join States of the States.It shall discuss about the current level of health palm expending in join States of the States. There be shall be a peck of discussion in relation to the fact that whether the expending on health pity in linked States of the States is set aside or not. It shall also discuss about the manner in which the health care needs of the people in United States of the States are paid by the politi cal science. In the end of the paper, there shall be a apprehend in relation to the health care spending in United States of America.All the above said things shall be discussed in detail in the current paper. The administration of United States of America has made a lot of provisions in relation to the white plague of health care facilities in United States of America. In the United States of America, the health care spending has been outgrowth continuously (Hawe, 2008). There have been a lot of specie unplowed by the governing body of United States of America in its budget in relation to the health care services.In the family 1990, the outlay made by the government of United States of America in relation to the health care spending was $714 million. Since then, the make sense of outlay on health care has outgrowth to $2. 3 trillion. This is around 3 times of what it was in the year 1990. The government of United States of America is spending around 16% of its total tak e in domestic production on providing the health care facilities to the people. It is estimated that around $7600 are spent by the government ofUnited States of America for separately and all occupier in the expanse. In this way, it nominate be said that the expenditure in relation to health care in United States of America is preferably good and the country is taking adequate steps for making true that adequate health care facilities are grantd to the people in a victorian and appropriate manner. The health care spending of the United States of America is the highest all around the world. There is no problem with the extent of funds spend by the country towards the health care.Other countries around the world are also spending some specie towards the health care except the expenditure made by the government of United States of America is the highest. soon the expenditure incurred in United States of America towards is adequate and appropriate. It has to ontogenesis si mply with the increase in population. According to the per capita expenditure, the current expenditure in the country towards the health care is appropriate. When the country makes the budget in relation to the health care expenditure, then it has to take care that adequate expenditure is incurred on each and every activity related to health care.The government of United States of America should make sure that it spends appropriate expenditure on each and every area of the health care. The expenditure should be more on the searing areas and it should be reduced on the areas which are not very unwieldy to handle for the government. The government of United States of America should make sure that it increases the expenditure of the health insurance of those people which are not in a position to afford the embodys for themselves (U. S. Health Care Costs, n. d. ).The government should also increase the expenditure in relation to the funds provided to the health care organizations for providing the benefits to the poor people in the United States of America. The government of United States of America should also increase the expenditure in relation to some particular proposition and high risk diseases such as Cancer, Aids etc. If the expenditure shall be reduced in relation to the above said activities then, there is a possibility that the people in United States of America shall be benefitted to a very high extent.Other than the above areas, there are certain areas in which the government of United States of America should look to reduce the expenditure. The cost on some of the areas in the health care should not be reduced to the extent it hampers the health care services. If there is a extremity to reduce the health care costs then, these should be reduced plainly till the services are not affected in a negative manner. The areas in which unnecessary costs are incurred by the government should be recognized and the costs should be reduced in those areas.In the United States of America, there are adequate sources used for the purpose of financing the health care services in the country. In the country, the funding for the health care services is done together by the government and the non government agencies in the country. While preparing the budget, the government of United States of America keeps a percentage of funds in relation to providing the health care services to the people who are in need and also the people which are not satisfactory to have the health care insurance for themselves.Related essay Advantages of rationalise Health CareOther than the government of United States of America, there are respective(a) new(prenominal) forms of associations which work for the purpose of providing the health care services to the people. They not nevertheless provide the health care services but also provide the financial for the insurance of the patients. There are few programs also in relation to the very(prenominal). The progra ms include Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program, Community Health Accreditation Program and various other programs. The health care finance in the United States of America are funded by the above said facilities and things.In the United States of America, the government and the non government associations share 50% of the expenditure each. In this way, there is a proper sharing the expenditure. For the last few long time, the healthcare expenditure in United States of America has been increased considerably at an increasing rate. It is expected that the healthcare expenditure in United States of America shall increase in the same rate as it was increasing earlier (Scambler, 2008). In the year 2007, the health care expenditure in United States of America was $2. 2 trillion.This amount increased to $2. 3 trillion in the financial year 2008. In this way, there was a definite increase in the health care expenditure in the two years. It is expected that the health care expenditure will grow even more. In the year 2013, the healthcare expenditure is expected to reach the figure of $3 trillion and in the year 2017, it is expected that the health care expenditure shall reach the figure of $4. 3 trillion. In this way, it john be said that there is a forecast of increased expenditure on health care in the years to come.The chart below provides the forecast for health care in a proper manner. This chart is showing the healthcare expenditure in United States of America. The government of United States of America is spending a lot of money on the healthcare services in the country. With the kind of expenditure, the government of United States of America is spending on the health care facilities in the country, it can be said that the government is spending sufficient amount of money on the health care facilities.For the last many years, there has been an increase in the health care spending in United States of America. With this, it can be projected that the expend iture on health care shall increase to the extent of $4. 3 trillion by 2017. References Scambler, G. (2008). Sociology as Applied to Medicine. (6th ed. ), Elsevier Health Sciences. Hawe, E. (2008). Compendium of Health Statistics. (19th ed. ), Radcliffe Publishing. U. S. Health Care Costs. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 18, 2011 from http//www. kaiseredu. org/Issue-Modules/US-Health-Care-Costs/Background-Brief. aspx

Montessori Math

Montessori is an approach which many occupy adopted these days as a t for each wizarding method for squirtren in preschool. The poppycocks which they part create an environment that is development entirelyy appropriate for the electric razorren. Montessori believes that with the helped of trained apprizeers and the proper environment which the baberen ar tooshied in, intelligence service and different skills testament be developed in the pip-squeak (Casa Montessori, 1997-2009). In addition, one of the main aims of Montessori is develop tikeren to become life long , nonsymbiotic drawers.Instead of quest aftering the tradition teaching methods whereby teachers would present the students with all the facts and entropy that they need to know, the teachers trained in Montessori teaching would want questions and direct the kidren in a way where they birth to look for the answers themselves. In the acquire process, the teachers would essentially motivate the peasa ntren to be actively eng advanced in their culture and to approximate independently (Seldin, 2010).The basis of the Montessori approach is that key outing done set discover and pass thrum on through the process of investigating and discovery is one of the most impressive ways for a baby bird to learn. Montessori also believes that children do not learn by memorising information wedded to them but from concrete experiences that interests them. This is why Montessori taper on different creating different developmentally appropriate concrete learn tools and materials that stimulates the child into logical thinking and discovery for subjects such as mathematics, sensational development, langu maturate and so on (Seldin, 2010).With regards to mathematics, the Montessori approach sees sensorial training as a very important platform which aids in the learning of basic arithmetic. The wide variation of materials Montessori has to cater to mathematics allows children to famili arize themselves with physiques game at an early age (Modern Montessori International, 2006). They focus on employ sensorial materials because they be accurate and small. They believe that it is important for the children to officiate with materials that atomic follow 18 exact and so that they cease be exposed to isolated opinions, learn through repetition and rom on that point draw the main principle of each and have a clear generalization. All these concepts would help the child to install his mind and en compe cardinalt him to classify different experiences. This is because having a clear experience and the ability to classify things help the child to learn how to be precise in their conclusions. Working with sensorial materials prep atomic number 18s the children for the study of progression and sequencing as it builds up spatial representations of quantities and form imagines of magnitudes (Montessori Primary Guide).Montessori believes that in front a child can s tart learning mathematics, he or she must explore and deport in the notions of idealized things with isolated qualities and to practice the requisite intellectual skills (Modern Montessori International, 2006). First of all, exposing the child to early sensorial activities is utilize to int terminaluce the idealization of things and isolation of qualities to them. This is because allowing the child to consummation with sensorial materials gives them the opport unit of measurementy to deal with isolated qualities physically and because acquire the sensibility of what mathematics is all ab step up(predicate).Secondly, the child must be introduced to the intellectual skills needed for mathematics such as exactness, calculation and repetition. unimaginative activities such as pouring beans into a jug or sweeping the floor can help children acquire such skills. It is believed that when children reach age quad, they atomic number 18 ready to start learning mathematics. However, prior to that, the children have to chuck to botherher certain things such as internal order, precise movement, work habits, the child must be able to complete a work cycle, issue forth a process and are able to work with symbols (Modern Montessori Guide).That is why there are developmentally appropriate ways for the children to explore arithmetic. The material runner begins with concrete experiences such as the hail rods and card where the children are able to work with such materials to learn the different concepts of poetry. This would also help the child as they work towards the abstract stage of solving mathematical sums. The mathematics in Montessori is organized into six radicals. Group 1 is unveiling to Numbers, multitude 2 is the conception to the Decimal System, sort bug out 3 is the Introduction to adolescent Board, free radical 4 is the Operation of Decimal System, group 5 is the Introduction to Recording and Arithmetic Tables and group 6 is Abstraction. Fir stly, group 1 which is the Introduction to Numbers introduces the units of quantity up to 10. The focus group for this group is for children age 3 and a half onwards and the main aim of this group is to help children learn the names of numbers racket, reckon the value of each number and to hit the books the number sequence.Secondly, for the in group 2, The Introduction to the Decimal System, the children are given concrete experiences with units with tens, hundreds and ks as tools to introduce them to the decimal system. As for the third gear group which covers the Introduction to Teen Board, it helps the children to deduct the different numbers indoors a hundred. Fourthly, group 4 which covers the Operation of Decimal System gets children to work with beans when doing the operation and is usually done at a sensorial and group take aim.The fifth group is the Introduction to Recording and Arithmetic Tables. Children at this level work unmarriedly with the materials and area a lso introduced to recording at the like time. The children allow use strips, boards and off-whites that help in giving them material demonstration of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. In addition, these board games do help them children to memorise tables. And lastly group 6 is covers Abstraction. This level is a transition to abstraction which helps the children to internalize the different functions of arithmetic.The materials used by Montessori are of progressing difficulty. The child would low be introduced to a quantity in isolation and and wherefore a name would be given for it. after(prenominal) which, the child would be given the opportunity to associate the quantity and the symbol. Using an example for the number rod coiffure, we can see that the children are first introduced to the numbers by itself when they are solicited to add up the rods. Subsequently, the teachers would go on and teach the children how to match the numerals to its values by matching the number separate to the rods.The focus group for this group is for children age 3 and a half onwards and the main aim of this group is to help children learn the names of numbers, understand the value of each number and to memorise the number sequence. With regards to Montessori, sequence is always given in all of the work and the children are taught to establish a sequence in everything they do. I believe that is how the children learn how the numbers go in sequence (Modern Montessori Guide). The profit of this exercising is that the units of each number rod are fixed.Therefore, this reduces any possibility of confusion that might arise. Moreover, the children forget be able to absorb the concept into the unconscious easily and hence teach them the names of the numbers before the child dig the abstract conception (Montessori Mom, 2009). The materials by Montessori give the children the experience that they need to arrive and progress to begin working independentl y. Some of the activities are directed by teachers but all these activities would have to be followed up with activities which allow the children to work on their own.The children are only allowed to progress to the nigh level when they have fully understood the previous stage (Modern Montessori Guide). Thus, the children lead only be able to progress to the decimal stage when they have finished the first level. As mentioned above, the children get out start to learn about the decimal system in group 2. This teacher directed exercise is done for children age 4 years and above. What the teacher depart do first is that she will put bones on a tray and place it on a table with the unit on the right and the thousand on the left. later on which, the teacher will lick the unit of bead from the tray and put it on the mat and say this is a unit, and put the bead back on the tray. Subsequently, the teacher will tot out the tens ostracises and indicate to the children that this is a t en. And the teacher will do likewise for the hundreds and thousands. After all these have been taught, the teacher will follow up with the second period where she will place all four materials (unit/ tens/ hundreds/ thousands) at random and get the child to direct her the unit she wants. In the last period, the teacher will take a random unit out and ask the child what it is.So for example, the teacher will take a cube and get the child to name what it is. The main aims of this exercise is firstly, that the children will learn the terms thousands, ten and unit, that they can understand the decimal system and that the child will be able to understand the relative values of one, ten, hundred and thousand. Following that, in order to teach the children how to associate the quantities with the numerals from 11 to 10 and to teach the children how to count from 11 19, the teachers would use materials such as a sequin board, 9 ten bead bars and a set of short bead stair.The different boa rds would be arranged on the floor and teacher would arrange the 9 ten bars to the right of the board. She would so ask the child to lay the out the short bead stair to the right of the ten bars. After which, the teacher would stack the numeral cards n order going from 1 to 9 and place the stack to the right of the board. With that the teacher will ask the child what the first number on the board is. When the child says 10, she will ask him to place a 1 ten bead bar to the left of the board and when she asks the child what comes after ten, the child will have to make 11 by adding 1 to the 10 bead bar.After that, she will get the child to place the numeral card with the number. She will continue to do this until the number 19. In order to teach the children numbers up till 99, the steps that the teachers do will also be similar to what they do with teaching the children from 11 to 19. As we can see, besides like what was mentioned above, the procedures that Montessori adopts is one that has sequence. The children would progress step by step lessen adding on to what they know. Many have criticized Montessoris method of apply arrange of form to teach numbers as being clumsy or materialistic.However, they believe that it is necessary for the children to understand numbers because it would be easier for a child to work with concrete materials patiently if he or she is unable to get a clear idea of abstraction (Montessori Mom, 2009). The beads chain is used to give the child an intellectual of the relative value of 1, 10 and 100. The teacher would place the chain and the 100 square next to each other, intercourse the child that the bead chain and the 100 square are the same.She will then start the exercise by asking the child to split the chain into a straight vertical line and ask the child to count every single bead in the first bar. When the child comes to the 10th bead, the child would be asked to place the first number give chase 10, next to the ten b eada. He will continue for the rest of the tens (20, 30, 40) until 100. In the next level, the children would progress to the stage where the teacher will develop their understanding of working of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.For example, in the exercise for addition, the teacher will certify the children how to lay the materials out. A large number card is laid out in column and the 2 sets of small number cards are laid side by side. The teacher tells the children that they are going to work with addition problems. After that, the teacher makes addends in small number cards and puts one in each tray. She will then get the children to go to the bank and get the appropriate beads. After the children have done so, she has to picture the children how to put the beads and the different quantities on the mat.The teacher will then explain to the children how she is going to add the different quantities and units that are there. She will get one child to place the l arge number card and show him where to place the card. A second child will be asked to give bring down the 10s, count them and bring the large number card. She will adopt all the steps with the 100s and 1000s. Following that, children will start to learn base and de-composition of numbers 1 to 10. This is for children age 5 onwards. The teacher will ask the child to build the stairs with the number rods on the mat.She will bring down the rod number 10 and get the child to count it. After which she would bring down the rod number 9 and get the child to count it as well. She will then ask the child how many more do we need to make the number 10? and the child will be required to go and take down the appropriate number rod. The teacher will continue this exercise using different combinations given to the child. The main aims of this exercise are to show the child the working of addition and to provide further practice in addition. In addition, this would also give the idea that tw o quantities added together make one large quantity.At the last level, the children will learn individual sums using different materials. For example, in the addition without changing exercise, the children will be introduced to individual addition sums using the golden beads and work cards, they will learn how tor record answers as further practice, it serves as an intermediate stage in the progression from concrete to abstract and to practice changing whenever its necessary. For this case, the teacher will remind the children that the colored lines corresponds to the numbers of large numeral cards and get them to read the first number (e. 4675). The child will then have to look for the corresponding beads and place them on the mat. After which, the child will read the next sum and have to bring the corresponding beads out as well. The child will then be asked to add all the units and record his answer. The teacher will paraphrase this with the tens, hundreds and thousands. Once t he child has down all 4 sums, he will have to check his answer at the back of the cards. It has been said that children will soon grow out of using manipulatives such as blocks and beads to learn mathematics.Once they have reached the stage where they are familiar and are confident in using that method, they will want to go on to something of a higher difficulty level. This is when the teachers can start teaching them numbers with concrete objects (Montessori Mom, 2009). As the materials used for the different groups are developmentally appropriate, the children are able to learn the different concepts at a progressively level. At each stage they would learn something new which adds on to their prior knowledge. This is how the Montessori class works.We can see that it all starts with the children learning the concept of numbers with the number rods and number cards and soon start progressing to learn decimals, addition, subtraction and learning how to group numbers together into te ns, hundreds and thousands (Montessori Mom, 2009). Therefore it is important to introduce the rudiments of mathematics in the early years during preschool where it would be easier for the child to grasp the concepts easily using concrete materials. The foundation of mathematics would have wallop the childrens academic growth in years to come (Montessori Mom, 2009).

Beer Wars-Documentary Review Essay

Introduction Beer Wars was a very eye-opening nonsubjective. It was elicit to canvass how the foodstuff voice of the heavy(p)st beer partnership, Anheiser-Busch, has grown d unrivaled and throughout the years. In 1965, Anheiser-Busch had a minimum market sh atomic number 18 of twelve percent. As marketing on goggle box grew in popularity, Anheiser-Buschs market serving grew as well. By 1985, Anheiser-Buschs market sh be had grew to thirty-seven percent. By 2005, Anheiser-Buschs market share had grown to an enormous forty-nine percent. This was very shocking to me that star connection could control almost one-half of the market share of a $97 billion industry.Also, in 1985, the other dickens amplest beer bewilderrs, Miller and Coors, make up round twenty-six percent of the market share. Thus, in 2005, major beer companies made up seventy-five percent of the beer sales in the United States. Which tells us that fraud brewageeries only had twenty-five percent of the market share. How the Large Got/ anticipate Large In the beginning, all beers were swap beers, until the big three companies valued to grow, and grow they did.Unfortunately, as the three queen-sizedst beer companies in the United States grew, the beer-drinking public that was get their beer were actually the deal who were suffering. The reason that I say this is because of the manner the epic beer manufacturers got to this point. The super beer manufacturers were non very concerned around the quality of their beers as oft as they were about the number of sales that were created. The path that the macroscopical beer companies did this was through their advertising campaigns. The large beer companies were/are gazillions and millions of dollars during different sporting functions and on either day television. Beer Wars told us that, on average, there is about $1.5 billion spent on advertising by the large beer companies both single year. That number is astounding to me, considering how popular their beers are. I weigh if they were to apologise back their advertisements by about 50%, they would still maintain a stranglehold on the beer market in the United States. Another way that large beer companies tend to stay on top of the market is through shelf space at different locations. The large beer companies tend to make legion(predicate) different varieties of beers and thus are afforded more space on the shelves and local markets and liquor stores.This leaves a very small area for wile beers to be displayed, especially when it is very difficult to determine if a beer is a slyness beer or made by one of the large beer companies. I allow for talk more about this later in the discussion. why Light is King The large beer companies tend to market twinkle lager beer beers, and for good reason. About eighty-five percent of the beer consumed in the United States is light lager. So, Miller Lite, Coors Light and Bud-Light are very good money makers fo r the large beer companies. I would not blame the companies for pushing and selling what the people want, or is this what people want? cunning Beer Facts Well, craft beers make upnt fully caught on in the beer markets. NPR. org tells us that craft beers only make up about five percent of the total beer market. According to NPR. org, there are currently over two thousand breweries in the United States. Of those two thousand, about 1,950 of those breweries are considered craft beer breweries. Thats another very interesting point. Ninety-five percent of the breweries in the United States are brewing about five percent of the beer that is sold in the United States. That really doesnt seem right, but NPR.org goes on to tell us that in determine to be a craft brewery, the breweries cannot brew more than 6 million barrels of beer every year. According to texaswatchdog. org, Anheiser-Busch alone brewed over one c million barrels of beer in 2011. That is an amazingly large amount of beer for one company to sell. This also tells us that the hope is not nearly missed for craft brewers. If all of the 1,950 craft brewers produced only ? million barrels of beer each(prenominal) year, they could easily cripple the large beer manufacturers with an influx of 975 million barrels of beer fill the marketplace.But, the vast majority of craft brewers would never want to do that. The slyness Beer Way The craft brewers in the United States and around the world go through a completely different take on what it means to brew beer. Dogfish repoint craft beer was said to only have . 0002% of the market share of beer sales in the United States. According to brewersassociation. org, Dogfish Head craft beer ranked 12th in the nation in 2011, base upon the number of sales for a craft brewery. That is truly amazing, how a company ranked 12th in the whole country in craft beer sales still only has . 0002% of the total market share of the beer industry.However, the owner of the comp any said that he would never want to grow outdoor stageardised the large beer companies have. He is more concerned about each and every bottle of beer being the best beer possible, rather than worrying too much about how many cases he is open to send out the door. As a whole, craft beer makers try to capture their piece of the market through differentiation of their products and not through advertising like the large beer companies. Craft beer makers still try to do new and interesting things with beer, but they do their best not to lose focus on the most beta factor, a good quality brew.Spreading the News Beer Wars told us that one event that allows craft breweries to get their name out to the public is the commodious American beer festival. This is an event where brewers go to from all over the world for people to sample and try different beers that the craft brewers make. This is a great way for the small breweries to get their name out to the market. Unfortunately, Beer War s told us that even the large beer companies are starting to attend this event. Large Feeling the Effects The large beer companies have now started feeling the effects of small craft beers in the marketplace.According to brewerassociation. org, craft brew beer sales have increased from about one percent to about six percent of market share in the past fifteen years. This is the only portion of the beer industry to have any sign growth in that timeframe. Once again, the large beer companies are victimization their financial advantage to combat this trend. Anheiser-Busch has gone out and purchased several(prenominal) small beer company names and have been selling them as craft beers, where in fact they are mass produced at one of many Anheiser-Buschs factories.Another way that large beer companies are flexing their monetary muscles is through lawsuits. Beer Wars described how one craft brewer was being sued by Anheiser-Busch for using a name that the brewer had used for years. The pr oblem with this is that Anheiser-Busch had not been using that name for very long. Another issue with this is that craft brewers do not have the financial means to be able to hold mop up many lawsuits from large beer manufacturers. The reason that this is difficult for craft beer makers is the fact that sustenance for craft breweries is very hard to come by.Usually sit downors either invest in very large ventures or very small ventures. more or less of the time, craft beer makers are roundwhere in the middle as further as their funding needs go. Because of this oddity, gaining funds for the production facilities for a craft brewery is very hard to obtain through normal financing. Political Issues most of the other challenges for the craft beer manufacturers is found in Washington, D. C. Beer Wars tells us that beer lobbyists are one of the most powerful group of lobbyists in Washington.The main focus of these lobbyists is ensuring that the three-tier placement of distributio n is held intact. The three-tier distribution system rudimentaryally splits up the beer manufacturers, the beer distributors and the beer retailers. This rule was set apart in after prohibition to make sure that beer sales would be fair across all persons involved. Basically, so the large beer makers couldnt interrupt others from getting their product onto store shelves. Unfortunately, this is exactly what is happening.Distributors tend to lend esteem to the large beer companies, because they are paid by how much beer they deliver, and as we maxim from Beer Wars, the large beer manufacturers still control that volume of beer sales. So, when the distributors are putting the beer on the shelves of the retailer, they will basically deliver the large beer companies whatever kind of shelving comportment that they desire, basically because they are getting incentivized to do so. I definitely think that the three-tier system needs to be brassed at and revamped to meet the needs of instantlys marketplace. Conclusion Overall, this documentary was a very interesting look into the beer manufacturer marketplace.I never realized before how devious the large beer manufacturers are when it comes to protecting their market share. With both the lawsuits over naming rights and the basic control of beer distributors, its amazing that any craft beer makers even stand a chance of holding any portion of market share. I believe that the large beer manufacturers are scared of what could happen very cursorily if they do not do something to respond to the expanding requirements for quality beer in the marketplace. This documentary definitely made me change my mind on how I purpose about craft beers.I always figured it was just some fad that would eventually fade away. I see now that this is not the case at all. Craft brews are just being produced to give the marketplace a much higher quality, even if they have to digest a little more. I have a much great respect for craft b eer manufacturers. I would hope to someday be able to brew my own beer just to see how fulfilling it can be. I will definitely start drinking more craft beers because of this documentary. References (Other Than Beer Wars) 1. BREWERS ASSOCIATION RELEASES excrete 50 BREWERIES IN 2011. Brewers Association. Brewers Association, 17 Apr. 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. . 2. Chappell, Bill. U. S. Craft Beer Brewers Thrive, Despite teeny-weeny Share Of The Market. NPR. org. NPR, 18 May 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. . 3. Lisheron, Mark. Anheuser-Busch InBev Roars against Craft Breweries Bill in Texas Legislature. Texas Watchdog Investigating Government Waste, Fraud and.

Getting to Know Cagayan Essay

I. DescriptionCagayan is a res publica of the Philippines in the Cagayan vale region in Luzon. Its capital is Tuguegarao City and is located at the northeast corner of the is demean of Luzon. Cagayan also includes the Babuyan Islands to the north. The duty borders Ilocos Norte and Apayao to the west, and Kalinga and Isabela to the south. Cagayan is part of ace of the largest valleys in the Philippines form by the majestic sierra Madre and Cordillera mountain ranges. It is traversed by the mighty 330-km long Cagayan River and its various tributaries.The responsibility could have gotten its name from the Ilocano word carayan or striking river, referring to the Rio Grande De Cagayan, the longest river in the country, which bisects its valley from north to south. Or it could have been derived from the tagay trees (tall hardwood) that grew on the river banks. It is possible that the bea was called Catagayan, meaning where the tagay abounds. The earliest inhabitants were the Aetas , short dark-skinned nomads belong to the Negrito family. They were followed by Indo-Malay immigrants who came to be k instantaneouslyn as YbanagsThe bulk of people livelihood in Cagayan are of Ilocano descent, mostly from migrants coming from the Ilocos Region. Originally, the more numerous host were the Ybanags, who were first sighted by the Spanish explorers and converted to Christianity by missionaries. This is wherefore the Ibanag run-in spread throughout the area prior to the arrival of Ilocanos.II. Culture, behavior of Life, Values, Religion and BeliefsCagayan is a very ancient civilization. It has its distinct, rich and diverse culture. commerce and take was practiced by its inhabitants and has flourished with the Japanese, Chinese and other neighbor Asian countries even before the Spanish colonizers reached its shores.The lands agricultural deed is concentrated on two areas. The Cagayan River Delta produces rice, corn, vegetables, and rootcrops. The region near the boundary with Isabela contains a number of large tobacco plantations. Agricultural products also are of peanut, beans, and fruits. breed products include cattle, hogs, carabaos, and poultry. Fishing various species of fish from the coastal towns is also undertaken. Woodcraft piece of furniture made of hardwood, rattan, bamboo, and other indigenous materials are also available in the province.The mountain ranges yield good hardwoods, as come up as rattan and other forest products employ in cottage industries. Fishing is a major industry in the coastal areas.Its ancientness is evidenced by the presence of centuries-old churches and other religious relics, archeological sites of nomadic tribes, and richness of its local anesthetic language and culture. The oldest bell in the country, cast in 1592, still peals from the bulk large of the church in Camalaniugan. The old brick works in Tuguegarao lie inwardly the city and speak of a time when bricks were extensively used to progres s to the beautiful churches of the Cagayan.Cagayan with its ancientness is still replete with adventure and excitement. It can twinkle its pristine natural beauty and endowment. It has breathtaking sceneries, beaches, and cavernous caves, thunderous falls, rapids, rivers, limestone mountains, obtuse and virgin forests, verdant valleys and many more. Also, it is a land of many opportunities having one of the largest fertile alluvial plains, grazing lands and fishing grounds (both marine and inland waters) in the Philippines and a continuous and sustainable supply of production materials. Multi-lingual, warm, blueish and amiable people await you in this remaining patch of equatorial paradise in Northern Philippines.III. Land and TopographyThe province is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the east on the south by Isabela province on the west by the Cordillera Mountains and on the north by the Balintang Channel and the Babuyan Group of Islands. About two kilometers from the northeaster n tip of the province is the island of Palaui a few kilometers to the west is Fuga Island. The Babuyan Group of Islands, which includes Calayan, Dalupiri, Camiguin, and Babuyan Claro, is about 60 ocean miles (110 km) north of Luzon mainland.The province comprises an aggregate land area of 9,002.70 square kilometers, which constitutes triple percent of the total land area of the country, making it the second largest province in the region.Cagayan has 28 municipalities and one city divided into three congressional districts. It has 820 barangays. Tuguegarao City (as of December 18, 1999) is the provincial capital, regional seat, and center of business, trade, and education. It has a land area of 144.80 square kilometers and a population of 120,645 as of 2000.Seasons in the province are not very pronounced. Relatively dry season occurs during the months of touch to June and rainy season from July to October, although it is relatively cold during the months of November to February.IV . What did you learn for this ethnic sort and its relation for cultural anthropologyDue to the influx of Ilokano migrants in the last century, majority of the people of Cagayan speak Iloko as their primary tongue. Aside from the Ilokanos, there are several smaller ethnic groups that live in the province. The Ybanags are the predominant ethnic group in the vicinity of the provincial capital of Cagayan-Tuguegarao, now a city. The closely related Itawits inhabit the Pinacanauan River valley as well as areas of Amulung and Tuao. The Malawegs are found mainly in the municipality of Rizal . In the foothills and the mountains of the Sierra Madre Range , several Negrito groups called the Agtas forage and hunt for food. The established lingua franca of the province is Ybanag.The Ybanags, Itawits and Malawegs are mainly lowland farmers whose agricultural practices are similar to those of the Ilokanos. The Ybanags used to inhabit the area along the Cagayan coast but migrated further inland. They conducted trade with neighboring areas using distinctive sea crafts, and their commercial interests made their language the medium of commerce throughout the region before the influx of Ilokano migrants.They are also excellent blacksmiths and continue to make good bolos. The Ybanags are reputed to be the tallest of all the ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines The Itawits are almost indistinguishable from the Ybanags. They build their houses with clear kitchens, connected by a narrow walkway that is used as washing area for hands and feet. The Itawits are noted for their pottery and basket-weaving traditions.

Land Law Notes Essay

Land includes grease of any tenure, and mines and minerals, whether or not held asunder from the surface, buildings or parts of buildings (whether the division is horizontal, vertical or made in any other way) and other corporeal hereditaments also a manor, an advowson, and a rent and other incorporeal hereditaments, and an easement, by castigates, privilege, or benefit in, over, or derived from the take down Law of position Act 1925 s.62A conveyance of land shall be deemed to include and shall by virtue of this Act operate to convey, with the land, all buildings, erections, fixtures, commons, hedges, ditches, fences, ways, waters, water-courses, liberties privileges, easements, rights, and advantages whatsoever, appertaining or reputed to appertain to the land, or any part thereof, or, at the time of conveyance, demised, occupied, or enjoyed with, or reputed or kn birth as part or plowshare of or appur tenant to the land or any part thereof.He who owns the land owns everythin g up to the sky and down to the depths Unrealistic in fresh times pipes underground, aircraft above etc. Bernstein v Skyviews & popular Ltd 1978 QB Establishes that a landholder doesnt have unqualified rights over the air spot of his land.Fixtures and FittingsLaw of Property Act 1926 s.62Whatever is fixed to the land becomes part of the landHolland v Hodgson 1872 LR 7CP 328 Looms were fixtures as they were attached to the floor by nails, not just their own weight. If an article is annexed to the land by something more than its own weight, its a fixture, therefore part of the land. Elitestone v Morris 1997 Bungalow couldnt be outside without its destruction. An objective test to determine whether the object was intended for the use or enjoyment of the land, or for the more convenient use of the object itself.General principle whether an object is part of the land is determined bya) The somatogenetic degree of annexationChelsea Yacht & Boat Co v pontiff 2000 1WLR 1941 Boat on a river was a movable not a fixture b) The purpose of the annexation for better enjoyment of the land or for the better enjoyment of the chattel? Leigh v Taylor 1902 AC 157 These tapestries were works of art, besides could be removed without causing structural damage. Therefore they were chattels not fixtures. Re Whaley 1908 1Ch 615 These tapestries were hung as to create the effect of an Elizabethan dwelling house, therefore they were fixtures.relevancy?BuyerTaylor v Hamer 2002 EWCA Civ 1130 The Court decided that the flagstones were fixtures, and suggested that a seller is not allowed to remove fixtures without informing the emptor if there is a possibility that the buyer expects the fixtures to be included in the sale. Mortgage lenderBotham v TSB 1996 EGCS 149 The cuss applied to the High Court to decide if certain everyday articles in the borrowers flat were fixtures and therefore were subject to the banks mortgage, so it could sell them as mortgagee. TaxationMelluish v BMI 199 6 AC 454Landlord and tenant A tenant has the right to remove tenants fixtures and fittings at the end of the tenancy early v Dalgety 1987 1 EGLR 116 A better definition of a tenants fixture is any item which is properly legally recognisable as a fixture and which was installed and continues to be removable by the tenant, is a tenants fixture. Spyer v Phillipson 1929 2 Ch 183 So long as the chattel could be removed without doing irreparable damage to the demised premises, neither the rule of attachment nor the degree of annexation, nor the quantum of damage that would be done either to the chattel itself or to the demised premises by the removal, had any bearing on the right of the tenant to remove it.Wessex Reserve Forces and Cadets Association v White 2005 EWHC 983 landlords intention here to demolish the premises only led to its aspirations of find ownership being flattened when the court held that (objectively) the landlords (subjective) intention could not be implemented and that, in any event, the landlord would not require possession of the premises to carry out the proposed works.Ownership of things found on the land.Parker v British Airways Board 1982 QB 1004 court decided that the finder of a prosperous bracelet in a public area of British Airways was empower to possess it against the whole world save the true(a) owner. An occupier of a building has rights superior to those of a finder over chattels on or in, but not attached to, that building if, before the chattel is found, he has manifested an intention to exercise control over the building and the things which may be on or in it. Bridges v Hawkesworth 1851 The finder of a lost article is entitled to it as against all but the true owner. Waverley BC v Fletcher 1996 QB 334 owner or lawful possessor of land owned all that was in or attached to it. Local pronouncement which owned a public open space had a right SUPERIOR to Finder to things found in the ground of that open space and was entitle d to possess them against all but the rightful owner.Buried treasureTreasure Act 1996s.1(1) Defines what treasure is s.4(1) When treasure is found, it vests, subject to prior refer and rightsin the Crown s.8(1) A soul who finds an object which he believes or has reasonable grounds for believing is treasure must notify the coroner for the district in which the object was found (within 14 days) s.8(3) Any person who fails to comply with subsection (1) is guilty of an offence s.10 Payment of rewards