Diversity And Equality In The Workplace Social Work Essay

transmutation And equating In The Work dress Social Work EssayThe work is forever changing. With the number of working wo workforce rising steadily for decades and the aver develop age of the workforce increasing (BBC News 2008), it is more diverse than ever. Managing diversity and comp be in the concern is an weighty managerial competency. Treating people equally is internal to creation an effective and successful organisation. In respect of the many a(prenominal) diametric di workforcesions in which people differ, whether by age, sexual urge, race, religion, disability, or sexual orientation, organisations pose a responsibility to proactively promote equality throughout their establish custodyt. Within these organisations employees still gift many challenges and experience aspects of inconsistency and discrimination. These issues in their respective organisations atomic number 18 a hindrance that prevent progression and success and bath cause the move development of employees to suffer. Discrimination throne come in many forms, however, the report factor that go out be focused on regarding discrimination is the codswallop crownwork and the negative effects it has on women and their c argonr development. In this essay, the terminal figure wish-wash detonating device provide be defined, reasons explaining how and wherefore women be likely to encounter the nut ceiling will be discussed and concepts such as the faggot Bee Syndrome, gender relent prison-breaking and gender ideology will be explored. The essay will then examine the measures humane Resources practitioners thunder mug take to foretell the problems of variety encountered by women.For women in the study, the struggle to climb on the corporate ladder and reach the top seems out of reach because of the glass ceiling. The surmise cognize as the glass ceiling is defined as artificial barriers based on attitudinal or organisational bias that prevent capable indiv iduals from advancing to roles of power offering higher salaries and more responsibility and consent (International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2008). It has been known that women experience significant levels of frustration at every stage due to the barriers of progression even though the promotional roles atomic number 18 within sight and ability. Flanders (1994) suggests that the reason the barrier of the glass ceiling exists and is exerted upon women is because of societys attitude, prejudice towards women and the preconceived idea that the work assign and managerial position are all male based.There are various shipway in which women can experience the glass ceiling with also a grand amount of evidence to support this. The gender consecrate gap is the somewhat commonly used example to demonstrate the inequality among men and women. The pay gap is defined as the shortfall between how practically men elucidate and how much women earn (Padavic Reskin, 2002, p1 21). Comparing hourly pay of men and women, based on the mean earnings, the 2009 figures call forthd that womens hourly pay was 16.4% little than men for full time employees and 13.2% for part time employees, in comparison to the 2008 figures of 17.4% and 15.2% respectively (Office for National Statistics, 2010), but the figures still stand as a high percentage. Although the Equal Pay Act (1970) was introduced which makes it unlawful for employers to sort between men and women in their pay and conditions when they are doing the same or similar work, work rated as equivalent, or work of equal cheer (Government Equalities Office, 2010), women in the workforce still continue to earn considerably slight than their male counterparts. The pay gap is most(prenominal) certainly of concern in the finance sector, despite women and men making up equal proportions of the employees, women earn significantly less than their male colleagues, when investigated by the representation of equali ty and homophile rights (2010), the results were startling, the inquiry found that on average women earn 55% less than men in their annual salaries, this figure compared to the average pay gap was significantly higher. The vast difference in the pay gap shows that the inequality between men and women is still present and is an area in the workplace where on that point is cause for concern.For those that have burst the glass ceiling and have reached senior focal point positions, they have not been affected by what is known as blocked promotion. Women on all levels depend blockages and find it weighed down to move up the corporate ladder. Davidson and Cooper (1992) state that currently promotions are based on the ability to be mobile and relocate to several(predicate) sites if necessary. It is also stated that The state of existing marital relationships and the tendency of most organisations to promote by job transfer therefore make it highly difficult for women to advance thei r callings very far (Davidson and Cooper, 1992). Sex inequality and a sex-gender hierarchy have been organise on the basis of societys treatment towards the sexes in which men are favoured over women (Padavic Reskin, 2002). It is this concept in which society has formed preconceptions that the mans occupation is superior to the muliebritys. Therefore it would seem that a decision as grand as relocation would not take place on the basis of the promotion of a woman. Women are also associated with the characteristic of being submissive this in turn would also be a modify factor to women being less likely to relocate with their family for work in comparison to men.With the glass ceiling, gender pay gap and societys stereotypes, women in the workplace already organization many challenges of inequality and discrimination. Now theres a major, and about unexpected, addition to the list known as the female boss, who exhibits the Queen Bee Syndrome. The Queen Bee Syndrome occurs when w omen in managerial positions part against other women, most often to do with their own insecurities and feeling be, this syndrome may sometimes be as important as sexism in holding back womens careers (Dobson Iredale, 2006). It is natural for women to feel threatened by other women which would result in defences being raised. Poe Courter (1994) demonstrate how women managers are not always sympathetic in regards to other women, in a study of 2,405 pregnancy-discrimination lawsuits in Ohio between 1985 and 1990, researchers found that 36% of the supervisors who refused to hire significant women or let them return to work were women (Poe Courter. 1994, p5). For women to overcome the glass ceiling the Queen Bee Syndrome needs to be eradicated. Davidson Cooper (1992) explains how in their findings, the Queen Bee Syndrome is a type of behaviour that is not exhibited in all women, and there are those that have asserted to make efforts to help other women. Eradication of this syndr ome will only take place when the women that are in a position to exert this behaviour have assurance that their role is not on a lower floor threat. This in turn will eliminate all areas of insecurities and resultantly the behaviour that follows.Sex stereotypes are the most common reason why woman face discrimination and encounter the glass ceiling. These stereotypes are socially divided up beliefs that link sexes with attributes and skills and are a part of gender ideology (Padavic and Reskin, 2002). The commission for equality and human rights (2010) states that employers still have stereotypical views of what is defined as womens work and mens work. This evidently can be developed and transcended into the recruitment and picking process of a specific job role and discrimination can take place. These constant stereotypes generate a close identification between men and management (McTavish Miller, 2006). It is argued that management is a sex typed occupation and there is a hig h ratio of men already in management roles due to the attributes needed for management closely linked with the characteristics of men (Kakabadse, aver Vinnicombe, 2005). Stereotypical ideas in relation to the workforce and management suggest why there is occupational segregation in the workplace and why men are in the senior managerial positions and why women encounter the glass ceiling.The theory of gender ideology uses a set of shared assumptions about the way sexes are to behaviour and certain norms and characteristics associated with those sexes to explain why women face inequality and the glass ceiling in the workplace (Padavic and Reskin, 2002). This ideology limits womens employment options as they may be deemed unsuitable for certain roles. Padavic and Reskin (2002) then head teacher on to discuss how this ideology leads to physical segregation which keeps women close to the home office and away from the workforce. This largely relates to societys presumptions of men bei ng socially accepted as breadwinners in the family.Throughout history a patriarchal social system, in which men have authority over women has prevailed (Powell Graves, 2003). It was in the nineteenth speed of light based on this social system that the concept of the family wage theory was introduced. The theory was an objective adopted by male trade unionists at the turn of the nineteenth century in their fight for improved proceeds based on the argument that a wage should be suitable to maintain a family (A vocabulary for Sociology, 2008). Nowadays it is often cited as a factor in explanations of womens disadvantaged position in the workplace (A dictionary for Sociology, 2008). The patriarchal system and the theory of family wage have instilled expectations that men are the breadwinners and providers for their family and women are inferior to men. This has developed over time and has contributed to why women face the glass ceiling in the workplace.The role of Human Resource pr actitioners is a difficult one they face the role of addressing inequality by implementing ways to resolve the issue. It is clear that strategies and solutions need to be put in place to address the issue. A clear issue that surrounds women is family and the ability to care for the family. The naming and retention of family friendly working practices is significant in resolving this issue. Organisations are beginning to provide onsite day care centres and nurseries for employees children (Davison Cooper, 1992). This needs to expand to foster organisations and establishments. Flexible working patterns need to be put in place to accommodate employees family patterns. Flexitime is an example of this in which parents and careers can meet the needs associated with their childs preparation (Davison Cooper, 1992). The Commission for Equality and human rights (2010) welcomes the Governments proposals for the regulations on Additional Paternity pass along (APL). The Commission believes t hat implementation of APL would provide more choice for parents in childcare responsibilities and a more equitable sharing of leave entitlements. The recruitment and endurance process should be designed to find the most suitable candidate for the role, regardless of gender (Commission for equality and human rights, 2010). Human Resources practitioners need to implement this regulation. Women receive less training then men, subsequently employers may discriminate on that basis (Flanders, 1994). Therefore human resource practitioners should allow men and women in the same role to receive the same amount of training.The political relation are also taking steps in order to address inequality. The equality bill which received royal assent and formally became the Equality Act was passed in April 2010. The Equality Act states that if a company has 250 or more employees they may have to publish the differences between the pay of men and women (Government Equalities Office, 2010). This encourages companies to oblige by the Equal Pay Act (1970), and avoid the gender discrimination becoming public knowledge. The Government Equalities Office (2010) also state that jobs are allowed to be aimed at certain groups e.g. women in order to contour a more diverse workforce. This means jobs that women are underrepresented in can aim to employ more women under this act and thus form a more equal workforce. The government also introduced in 2004, the 10 year childcare strategy, in which one of the key themes was a greater choice in how parents can balance their family life and work commitments, a suggestion that was proposed was enhanced parental leave in both motherlike and paternal leave (Department for children, schools and families, 2009). This strategy would help women considerably in balance work and family life and would allow them to still pursue a career without fear of family concerns. The implementation of these government schemes in the workplace by Human Resour ce practitioners could significantly reduce inequality for women.There are many factors to suggest reasons for why women face the glass ceiling, discrimination and inequality, some of which would take stereotyping, prejudice and preconceived ideas. There have been developments in reducing inequality in the workforce and career progression for women but nevertheless notwithstanding action still needs to be taken. For those that have not shattered the glass ceiling, they continue to face challenges and obstacles in the workplace. Only with the change of societys preconceptions and subsequent actions, will the workplace fully change for women and their career progression. If inequality is to be eliminated and the glass ceiling overcome, societys stereotypes need to be a historical concept. As of now there is still a need to raise sensory faculty of the inequality still present in the workplace and address the problems associated with inequality and to encourage organisations to mana ge diversity and equality effectively and successfully.

Theoretical And Conceptual Framework Of Airlines

Theoretical And Conceptual simulation Of line of work ductsIn the prehistoric of few decades ago, skyway constancy is existence control very tightly with lots of regulations. For example, United State (US) diff part passage diligence is be control tightly by the cultivated Aeronautics Board (CAB) on apostrophize, route and schedule of flight. After that in 1978, domestic air transportation market of US is having a free aspiration among flight paths which al imprinted by the circulateline Deregulation Acts of 1978. Through this act, every flight path is al misfortunate-downed to set their own hurt, how popular they ar traveling and the destination they want to fly to (Thomas, O.G., 2004).After the deregulating of American air hose market, European air transport also experienced deregulation in the middle of 1980. The publication of regulation is an increase competition of airlines and to open naked entranceway to impertinently airlines. The airline constru ction has changed out-of-pocket to deregulations. The airline pains becomes much competitory with quashs pool of competition. Changes of pricing dodge, trade dodging and airlines ne iirks such as hubs and spokes had made. at that place atomic number 18 lots of changes from deregulation such as service patterns, pricing, computerized of the management systems and attention structure. Deregulation and air transport liberalization make a turning spot of airlines structure and merchandise strategies. Travelers be rational and non go outing to pay for a level of service which is not necessary (Pourat, H., 1994). Technological development had am lay off the management system of airline where they be now having toilets lineage system and reservation system had been improved.During that clipping, lots of real regulated airlines hurt failure and left the airline industry. There are come of tonic entry airlines joined the airline industry as easily. (Kaplan, D.P., 1995 cited in Thomas, O.G., 2004) nakedspaper publisher that, 19 jet operator formerly regulated by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), only 7 survived until 1995. The most famous survivor, south-west reapingion linelines (created in 1971) re importants a prosperous carrier today. Deregulation of airline market also brings in opposite form of late argument stupefy which is the economic crisis comprise convergence line model into the airlines industry as comfortably. This go out be further discussing in the next section.1.2 Problem storyThe new idea of bluely salute parentage model was number 1 brought up by Southwest zephyrlines in the 1970. It took 15 yrs for the US airline industry and 20 years for the EU airline industry to take up the challenges of the subject of kickoff toll airline communication channel model.After the deregulation, in 1978, there are huge numbers of new entry of humiliatedly be airlines into the airline industry. Initially these new entry airlines was doing quite success but due to by having only low card would not be adequate to sustain their logical argument. They are miss of pecuniary support to debate in the warring airline industry during that succession. There are new entries of airlines and airlines which confront failure and left the industry (Natthida Taweelertkunthon, 2006).There is other new generation of low appeal handicraft model emerged in the airline industry in 1990. They startup their business with a strong financial support and with a better and young aircraft partd. This new generation of low salute airline has rewritten the business model to compete in the US competitive airline business surround and also with the commercial airlines market. They had also shifted from their business schema from product note into low address. They become more equal advantages through efficiency where their operational efficient back up to bring down the court.The emergence of low fo llow airline manage to steal customer from the commercial airlines especially price warm customer and served with wide range of services. Even those high end customers are not longer imparting to pay such a high fare on air transport where this bring clear toward the low appeal airlines. dividing line transport is not a sumptuous thing allmore. At this point of duration, traditional airlines faced challenges from low embody airlines where they find severey on sustaining their business.In Asia, low terms airline business model is still a new idea and safe started in year 2000. Nevertheless, this new business model do faced problem of restrictive of two countries involved. Problem had been solved through the obligation among atomic number 34 Asia (SEA) countries. pedigree Asia the successful pioneer established in the year 2001 and took the sky in November 2002. The success of Air Asia with low salute business model is the reason of the growth of low cost airlines apa ce in Southeast Asia. There are numbers of new entries of low cost airlines such as tiger Airways, Nok Air and etc.The fact that Southeast Asia has a massive population is crucial, more than 50 million slew with a rising middle assort and a growing appositeness for travel. The geographical location of surrounding islands without vi equal to(p) and competitive alternatives modes of transportation in Southeast Asia pass on enhances LCCs an enormous competitive advantage over come forth and ground modes.(Natthida Taweelertkunthon, 2006)Low cost business model of low cost airlines is different in between of SEA and US and EU. The application of low cost principle is different. For example, in US and EU, they could go a cast down fare on landing at petty(a) airports. But in SEA, they couldnt be fitted to avoid air traffic congestion at the core airport easily. Therefore, SEA low cost airlines cannot be able to save and lower fare on landing fees and etc. too that, the competiti on faced by SEA low cost airlines is over such(prenominal) competitive as compare to US and EU low cost airlines. This is because of there are lots of competitor in SEA estate with low cost airlines. Therefore, the market dodge that creation implement by the low cost airlines to stay and being competitive is important. This query trope is foc apply on the merchandise strategy that implement by low cost airlines to progress to competitive advantages in the competitive environment.1.3 look for queryFrom the problem statement above, it brings to some(prenominal)(prenominal) headspring questions where the police detective need to fool information for the purpose of this scheme.What are the marketing strategies implementing by Air Asia?How does marketing strategies influence the gross sales of Air Asia?What are the objectives, welfares and cost of the marketing strategies implementing? are there any differences in between of traditional and low cost airlines marketing strategies?How Air Asias marketing strategies make Air Asia to be competitive among other low cost airlines?1.4 explore ObjectiveResearch objectives countenance been listed down at below to guide the inquiryer in acquiring and answering the query questions which had stated above.Identify the marketing strategies that being use by Air Asia. try on the marketing strategies that had being utilise.Analyze the sales trend of Air Asia.Compare the sales trend and marketing strategies that had utilise.Evaluate the objectives, benefits and cost of the marketing strategies implemented.Compare the marketing strategies of traditional and low cost airline.Evaluate the competitive advantages of Air Asia.1.5 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework1.5.1 Conceptual Framework1.5.2 Theoretical FrameworkThe process of this question proposal is shown in the diagram above. first base of all, the problem statement would be discussing that the emergence of low cost airlines in the airline industry.1. 6 circumstance and Limitation1.6.1 ScopeIn the business world, there are plenty of strategies that are implementing by different company to stay competitive in the business environment. The strategies implemented by company are such as marketing strategy, financial strategy, research and development (RD), management information system (MIS) and etc. in this research proposal, the strategy that is being focus on is marketing strategy of an airline. It is to research on the ways of an airline manage their marketing strategy well to gain competitive advantage.Airlines industry is a huge industry which consist of copious service airlines and no frills airlines. This research proposal has confine the research topic into a small sphere which is foc use on analyzing the marketing strategy of no frills airlines. anyways that, there are numbers of no frills airlines in the world as well. Therefore, the researcher has further scope the topic down to low cost no frills airline of Malaysia which is Air Asia.1.6.2 LimitationIn every research proposal, there would gestate round limitations which limit the researcher to collect better information or result for the presentation of proposal. There is limitation which face by the researcher when doing research for this research proposal. AirAsia.com (2010), Air Asia is the only low cost airline easy based in Malaysia (which not consist of low cost airline (FireFly) with subsidiaries of Malaysia Airline System Berhad). There do not teach prize to researcher where Air Asia is the only acquirable choice to be include as the scope of the topic.Besides that, there are limited journals for sale well-nigh the marketing strategy of a low cost airline. Therefore, it is a limitation for the researcher to collect journals for review the literature. In addition, the marketing strategy of low cost airlines differs from airline to airline. It is difficult to finalize the principal(prenominal) marketing strategy that is implemen ting by low cost airlines.1.7 Significance of the StudyThis research proposal is important to YBhg. Dato Tony Fernandes, the CEO of Air Asia and the marketing manager of Air Asia. This is because the research proposal has a summary of the effectiveness of the marketing strategies that being implementing by Air Asia where it makes them to be competitive advantage and a guide on above other low cost airlines. They would nonplus the opportunity to have an mind-set on a different angel of view in order to further improve on their current marketing strategy by advancing the current strategic planning model.Besides that, another posted reader of this research proposal is the marketing managers of other airlines (such as low cost or full service airlines). This is because they could have the idea of how Air Asia is having such an excellent marketing strategy which brings it to where it is right now as the Worlds Best Low constitute Airline. They could use the strategic that Air Asia is implementing as the role model to market their airlines to be more competitive as well.In addition, this research proposal is useful to students who are majoring in marketing strategic management. This is because it would be a good and appropriate chemise teach to read and learn from on the ways of a company could be able to manage their strategic planning model so well and gain competitive advantages over other competitors. Student would have the opportunity to have an in-depth discernment on the ways of a low cost airline planning the marketing strategy model to suit the business model which to follow cost low and being successful.1.8 Definition of destinationASK = Available seat kilometerASK is to measure the carrying qualification of airlines passenger.The formula is seat available x distance flown = carrying capacity per skim offChapter 2 Literature Review tally to Natthida Taweelertkunthon (2006), there are two types of low cost carrier which are low cost no frills c arrier and low cost low frills carrier. Low cost no frills carrier is those low cost airlines which do not provide any other extra services like on board meals. Tiger Airways and Air Asia are the example of low cost no frills carrier. On another hand, low cost low frills carrier refers to low cost airline which provide nearly extra service like on-board drinks or snacks. The fare of air ticket is slightly higher than low cost no frills carrier. The example of low cost low frills carrier are Nok Air, One-Two-Go and Jetstar Asia.2.1 Key Features of Low Cost Airline Business Model plan 2.1 LCCs Business ModelSource (Jiang, H., 2007)The figure above shows the low cost airline business model which is build up three main key features which are simple product, low operate cost and positioning.2.1.1 unsophisticated Product / No FrillsA low cost airline would contain service and product simple to maintain cost advantages to offer product which is value for money to the customers. A simpl e product which also path no frills or no extra service such as meals on board provided on board to cut down cost. Besides that, meal on board could also be provided with a immoral of good quality with extra charges. The seats are narrow to have a bigger capacity on plane and maximize seat density. This is to have a large volume of sales to cover the cost on the case-by-case journey to the destination. There is an only one class seat on aboard available with no seats system yields (Jiang, H., 2007).2.1.2 Low Operating CostIn addition, a low operating cost is one of the low cost airlines features. Low cost airlines will only land on secondary airports where the landing fee is a lot lower as compare to core airports. Secondary airports also have the advantage of less traffic congestion where the flight and stop by and take off again in a shorter time. They would have a shorter turnaround time to avoid paying higher tax charges on parking. Besides that, low cost airline practice direct sales of air ticket or through online reservation and buying. A cost cutting strategy would be implementing by low cost airlines to keep their cost low and to have cost advantages (Dietlin, P., 2004).2.1.3 PositioningLastly, low cost airline will market themselves mainly to non-business passengers. For examples, leisure passengers and price sensitive passengers are non-business passengers. In recent years, low cost airline starts to target business travelers as well. This is to grow their market to a more large perspective. A good and effective marketing strategy of low cost airline plays an important role to position their product to the public and to gain competitive advantage as well. Low cost airline will have a short haul which fly from point to point with high frequency. Moreover, low cost airline would likely to become the number one or two on most routes operated (Jiang, H., 2007).2.2 Challenges of Low Cost AirlinesIn the competitive environment of airline industry, there are several challenges which will be faced by low cost airlines. Explanations on the challengers that face by low cost airlines are explained as below.2.2.1 OvercapacityFirst of all, the airline industry of low cost airline is growing rapidly where there is more new entry of low cost airlines. According to Jiang, H. (2007), the author said that there are over thirty low cost airlines launched in the year of 2002. A sudden increase of a large amount of new entry brings threat to the living low cost airline. The market is overcrowded and overcapacity where all of the low cost airlines need to compete among airlines to generate revenue for their own.2.2.2 Pressure on Yield or total FaresWith a large amount of new entry it creates a competitive competition environment among airlines. According to Dietlin, P. (2004), worldwide airline yield will decrease by 1.1% per year until 2010 and intra-Asia yield will decrease much faster than that. New pricing strategy had been demod by t raditional airline to compete with low cost airline. For example, for some routes, traditional airline introduce a low ravening fare especially those routes that being fly by low cost airlines. Besides that, there is a price competition among airlines. The new entry airlines are having lower fares to compete with existing low cost airlines. This pulls down the average fares per customer where it does not benefit any side on a long run.2.2.3 Difficulty on Keeping Cost AdvantagesAccording to Dietlin, P. (2004), Asian airlines are having a world-shattering lower input costs as compare to American airlines and European airlines. This problem of lower input cost is mainly due to delve cost. Dietlin, P. (unpublished, 2004) stated that Airlines in Singapore unit labor costs are USD 0.77 per ASK and airlines in American is having US 2.92 per ASK which is 279% more. Asian airlines are trying to solve the problem by hiring labor from low-income countries where they could have low wages for their labor to increase unit costs.2.2.4 Product DifferentiationWith numbers of low cost airlines in the market push every single low cost airline to differentiate their product to gain as much market share as possible. This simple mean more cost will incur. Airlines are coming up with more aggressive and low fares which it would pull down the average revenue of airlines. Low fare of air ticket is no longer enough to be differentiating from other competitor. They are trying to imperfection themselves to differentiate from others to gain competitive advantages.2.3 merchandising Strategy that Implemented by Low Cost AirlinesThere are several marketing strategies that being implement by low cost airlines to market or position their product to their customer. There are some marketing strategies that being practicing by low cost airline are stated as below.2.3.1 Frequent Flyer ProgramFrequent billhook program is one of the marketing strategies of Southwest Airline but it is not adopti ng by most of the low cost airlines. This program gives out everyday flyer point when customers purchase air ticket each time. By using the accumulate points, it could be redeem for free ticket or upgrade class seat which depend on the company form _or_ system of government (Lederman, M., 2003). As a marketing tool FFPs have proved super successful (Bennett, M.M., 1996).2.3.2 Point-to-PointGutstafsson, L. (2005) says that point-to-point could be included as a cost lead strategy as well as a marketing strategy as well. Point-to-point refers to the air traffic movement system where the flights fly at once to the final destination without going through the hub. This would be able to help airline to save up cost. At the same time, it could be able to attract customer where they do not need to waste time on transiting at the hub. Customer could be able to have a flight directly to the final destination that they wish to be that with a low fare air ticket.2.3.3 Branding / ImageIt is difficult for airlines to differentiate their product from other competitor as the basic product of airlines are the same. Therefore, branding and build up good image or reputation is another option to market their product to the public. Branding is do marketing on a product externally to the public. There is another way round of branding being practicing. As an example, Air Asia do brand their product internally to their staff first before to brand it externally to the public (Marketing-interactive.com, 2008). This is to let the staff of Air Asia knows well on the function and attractive of the product where they could sell it more better externally to the public.2.3.4 Pricing (Low Fares)Low cost airlines are marketing their products with low fare to compete with traditional full service airlines. Low fare is the main attractiveness of low cost airline as compare to full service airline. Low cost airlines keep on introduce low fare ticket to customer and having promotion sales on air ticket. Fare of air ticket is getting cheap as time goes. Fare of air ticket is the main strategy that plays around by low cost airlines.Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology3.1 command Nature of ResearchThe general nature of the research proposal is soft methodology. Saunders, M. et. al (1998) defines qualitative research as an array of interpretive techniques which try out to describe, decode, translate and otherwise come to terms with the signification, not the frequency of authorized more or less naturally occurring phenomena in the social world.A deeper insight of the ways of Air Asia managing their marketing strategy would be able to gain from doing qualitative research. A research which is base on the meaning which express through words is qualitative research (Saunders, M. et. al, 1998).3.2 Research doctrine interpretative or phenomenology is the research philosophy that selected by researcher on this research proposal. This philosophy is suitable for research which is on qualitative methodology. Interpretive would help to gain new insight about the reality and deeper understanding on the question of how and why. Researcher is more flexible to adapt with changes during the research process. It is more appropriate to study on a small experiment for interpretive philosophy. There are threats by using this philosophy. First of all, it will be time consuming when collecting qualitative information. In addition, analyzing of qualitative data would be difficult especially for inexperience researcher to test and generate new speculation.3.2 Research Method and Research Design3.2.1 Research MethodThe research method that is being use by the researcher in this research proposal is interview research method. According to Saunders, M. et. al (1998), there are several types of interview such as incorporated interview, semi-structured interview and unstructured interview.The choice of interview selected is semi-structured interview which would h ave a list of topics to be cover during the section of interview. Semi-structured interview would be able to cover in depth and alpha study. It would benefit to gain new insight on the particular topic as well (Saunders, M. et. al, 1998).3.2.2 Research Design3.2.2.1 General Research DesignGeneral research design is known as research strategy. The three main research strategies are experiment, case study and survey. The research strategy that would be use in the research proposal is case study strategy. Case study would have a detail and intensive knowledge on the single case study that is being studied. Case study is very useful in conducting exploratory of the theory and challenging with come up with a new theory. Besides that, case study would provide a very liberal understanding on the case that is being studied (Saunders, M. et. al, 1998).3.2.2.2 Research ariseBesides that, the research approach that being use is inductive approaches. inducive approach is building theory whic h is more for case study research strategy. This approach would get the research to involve in the case study as well. The general idea of the problem would be understand well when inductive approach is being use. This approaches would more likely to use up interview data. It would be able to formulate theory by using the result of data abstract but at the same time it would also end up with the same theory as the existing theory (Saunders, M. et. al, 1998).3.3 Sources of Data3.3.1 Primary ResearchThere are several primary researches available such as observation, interview and questionnaire. The primary research which is being use in this research proposal is through interview. A semi-structured and in-depth interview would be conduct in order to have an exploratory study on Air Asias marketing strategy to gain new insight. An open-ended interview questionnaire would be design and use to interview the capableness interviewee to collect qualitative data. A face-to-face interview w ould be held where it allow researcher to have more control and strengthen open-ended question (Mona, C., et. al, 2001).3.3.2 Secondary ResearchIn this research proposal, the secondary research used is through online database to collect useful journals which are relating to the topic. The main online database is being use is emailprotected which is an online database of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The information that found through this online database is highly undeviating where there is lots of PhD or masters unpublished thesis available on the database.Besides online database as secondary research, websites are being used as well. Official website of Air Asia is being used as the secondary research tool to get information regarding on Air Asia. Newsletters of Air Asias would frequently update the researcher on current news about Air Asia. Besides that, Air Asias blog is one of the secondary research tools where it provides new updates of Air Asia from time to time when latest news of Air Asia could be known from there as well.3.5 Data Analysis ProceduresThere is several methods data analysis on qualitative research. The method of data analysis selected for this research proposal is the grounded theory data analysis. This data analysis method uses the inductive research where it collects data from the source of interview. Through interview, data would be able to collect and at the point of time, the data is being grouped accordingly into respective main concept (Gutstafsson, L., 2005).After the assort of data into different concepts is done, the data could further categories into different supporting theory structure. By doing so, it enable researcher to have a better outlook of the data displayed in the structure. Therefore, researcher could interpret and analyze the data easily. A new theory would be able to generate by using the result of data analysis (Gutstafsson, L., 2005).

Multiply and Accumulate Unit using Vedic Multiplier

reproduce and Accumulate Unit utilize Vedic multiplier physical bodyandImplementationofFPGA base64 arcsecondMA C whole of measurement usingVEDICMultiplierand rechargeable system of logical systemal systemgateABSTRACTNow a eld in VLSI technology size, power, and focal ratio are the main constraints to number each tour of dutys. In normal multipliers delay everyow be more and the numeral of computations a exchangeable will be more. Because of that stop number of the rounds institutioned with the normal multipliers will be low and it will consume more power.This paper describes Multiply and Accumulate Unit using Vedic Multiplier and decagram rechargeable logic gates. The Vedic multiplier is designed by using Urdhava Triyagbhayam sutra and the chip iner design is d angiotensin converting enzyme by using two-sided logic to coif highspeed operations. Reversible logic gates are in like manner theessential constraint for the promising field of Quantum computing. The Ur dhava Triyagbhayam multiplier is utilise for the coevals function to reduce uncomplete derivative derivative products in the generation process and to astonish high concert and less(prenominal) area .The reversible logic is use to get less power. The mack is designed using Verilog code, simulation,synthesis is done in twain RTL compiler using Xilinx and implemented on Spartan 3e FPGA Board.KeyWords macintosh, Vedic multiplier, Reversible GatesI. INTRODUCTION generation is the key in arithmetical operation and multiplier plays an important role in digital bespeak affect. Unfortunately, the major source of power dissipation in digital house processors is multipliers. In the past decade researchers developed multipliers with the help of CMOS logic which has solely the disadvantages as discussed earlier. Therefore multipliers design for digital signal processing occupations should be competent. So the proposed method is designed using pass logic principles, which shows im provements oer CMOS designs. Pass logic principle based circuits are capable to chance upon superior perpetrateance in power, speed and area when implemented in VLSI1. Several case studies show that pass logic principle based design implements about functions with fewer transistors which reduces the over solely capacitance than static CMOS thus, resolutionant roleing in low power and fast switching time. The Pass logic banal based design is a capable, due to its better performance in power consumption, area and speed.thirty percent of the multiplier space is taken by the Booth encoder and selector logic 1-3. So a change design of Booth encoder and selector is essential. The main objective of this work is to design and implement new Booth encoders and selector logics which are ironware expeditious and consequently power- aware.Various designs of these logic building blocks are proposed in this work where the number of transistors essential are less when compared to previo usly designed units.The gate level implementations of these designs were time-tested for functionality using LoKon software gates (XNOR, XOR , NAND,NOR,AND,XOR-XNOR combination gate) and MUX employ in these circuits were off-key and verified for functionality using TopSPICE. Due to the limitation in the numbers of transistor count in the TopSPICE, it was non capable to simulate the entire circuit in the transistor level. Further, these designs were used to build multiplier2.Multiplier is the need for high word width for signal process applications. This design is scalable without either loss of merits. All the pass transistor circuits have been tested for in full restored voltage at the payoff3. Therefore, when these circuits are combined to form the whole multiplier voltage drop will not cause a problem.II. lit REVIEWNareshnaik, SivaNagendra Reddy proposed form of Vedic Multiplier for Digital Signal Processing Applications1 .In this method design of adders is difficult and design may be complicated and also its require more power.Anitha, Sarath Kumar proposed A 32 BIT mack Unit use Using Vedic Multiplier and Reversible logic Gate design.In this paper they designed for 32 bit Multiplier. except most of the multipliers used in Digital signal processing applications 64 bit multipliers.So many researchers proposed many methods to design multipliers and adders.Among all the methods multiplier design with reversible logic gate design is the efficient method.In reversible gates also varied reversible gate are available4.Some researchers used Kogge stone Adders,some one used Toffiligates5. dekagram is the one of the gate used in the macintosh design.This proposed method represents 64 bit mac design using reversible logic gates.III. PROPOSEDMETHODMultiply Accumulate (MAC) unit is designed by using Multipliers and adders both will be joined by an accumulate unit. The applications of MAC unit are Digital Signal Processors, microprocessors, and logic unit s and.MAC determines the speed and improves the performance of the entire system6. The proficient designs by MAC unit are Fast Fourier Transform(FFT/IFFT) ,Discrete cosine Transform (DCT). Since, they are normally executed by inflexible application of multiplication and accompaniment, the total system speed and performance depends on the speed of the addition and multiplication process speed in the system7. In most cases the delay in the architecture is due to the addition in line of latitude stages which we have to concentrate more to improve the speed. Finally we are termination to compare our Vedic MAC unit with the Conventional MAC unit based on the parameters like Speed,area and power consumption8.A multiplying blockfunction hatful be conceded in threedifferent ways conventional addition, incomplete product addition (PPA) and finally partial product Generation (PPG). The two bud vase materials that mustiness be considered are raising the speed of MAC which is accumulato r block partial and product reduction9. The 64 bit MAC design which will put one across use of Vedic multiplier and reversible logic gate washbowl be accomplished in two stages. Firstly, multiplier stage, where a coarse multiplier is replaced by Vedic multiplier using UrdhavaTriyagbhayam sutra from Vedic Mathematics.Multiplication is the aboriginal operation of MAC unit. Speed, area, Power dissipation, consumptionand latency are the major concerns in the multiplier stage. So, to evade them, we will go for fast multipliers in different applications of DSP, networking, etc. There are mostly two major criterions that can possibly improve speed of the MAC units are sinking the partial products and because of that accumulator yoke is getting decr readinessd. To perform the multiplication of N*N it requires approximately 2N-1 cross products of different widths and (log2N + 1) partial products. The partial products are obtained from Urdhava sutra is by Criss Cross Method. The maximum n umber of bits in partial products will pass to Critical path. The second part of MAC is Reversible logic gate. departure of every bit of information in the computations that are not reversible is kT*log2 joules of heat energy are generated, where k is Boltzmanns constant and T the imperious temperature at which computation is performed.IV. DESIGN OF MAC ARCHITECTURE anatomy 1 MAC ArchitectureThe design of MAC architecture consists of 3 hoagie designs.Design of 64 X 64 bit Vedic Multiplier.Design of 128 bit DKG adderDesign of accumulator register which integrates both multiplier and adder stages.Vedic MultiplierVedic Mathematics is part of cardinal Vedas(books of wisdom). It is part of Sthapatya- Veda (book on civil engineering and architecture), which is an upa- veda (supplement) of Atharva Veda.Vedic Mathematics existed in ancient India and was revived by a popular mathematician, Sri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji. He carve up Vedic mathematics into sixteen formulae(sutras). These formulae deal with Algebra, Analytical Geometry, Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry etc. The ease in the Vedic mathematics sutras covers way for its application in several(prenominal) prominent domains of engineering like Signal Processing, VLSI and Control Engineering .1) (Anurupye) Shunyamanyat2) ChalanaKalanabyham3) EkadhikinaPurvena4) EkanyunenaPurvena5) Gunakasamuchyah6) Gunitasamuchyah7) NikhilamNavatashcaramamDashatah8) ParaavartyaYojayet9) Puranapuranabyham10) Sankalana- vyavakalanabhyam11) ShesanyankenaCharamena12) ShunyamSaamyasamuccaye13) Sopaantyadvayamantyam14) Urdhva-tiryakbhyam15) Vyashtisamanstih16) YaavadunamVedic Maths can be divided into sixteen different sutras to perform mathematical operations. Among these surtras the Urdhwa Tiryakbhyam Sutra is one of the most highly preferred algorithmic programs for performing multiplication11-14. The algorithm is competent enough to be employed for the multiplication of integers as swell up as binary numbers. The term Urdhwa Tiryakbhyam originated from 2Sanskrit words Urdhwa and Tiryakbhyam which mean vertically and crosswise respectively.The mainadvantage of utilizing this algorithm in comparison with the existing multiplication techniques, is the feature that it utilizes unaccompanied logical AND operations, half adders and full adders to complete the multiplication operation. Also, the partial products required for multiplication are generated in parallel and apriority to the actual addition thus saving a lot of processing time15-17.UrdhwaTiryakbhyam Algorithmlet us consider two eight bit numbers X(70) and Y(70) , where 7 signify Most Significant Bit and 0 represent least Significant Bit. P0 to P15 signify each bit of the final computed product. It can be seen from par (1) to (15), that P0 to P15 are measured by adding partial products, which are calculated previously using the logical AND operation.The individual bits obtained from equations (1) to equation (15), in mo when concatenated produce the final product of multiplication which is represent in equation (16).The carry bits generated during the computation of the individual bits of the final product are represented from C(1) to C(30). The carry bits generated in (14) and (15) are ignored since they are redundant. figure of speech 2 Pictorial Illustration of UrdhwaTiryakbhyamSutraGraphically exemplifies the step by step cognitive operation of multiplying two eight bit numbers using the Urdhwa Tiryakbyam Vedic Multiplication Sutra20. The black circles specify the bits of the multiplier and multiplicand, and the two-way arrows specify the bits to be multiply in order to arrive at theindividual bits of the final product. The hardware architecture of the 88 Urdhwa multiplier has been designed and shown in Fig 2. final quantum costDKG GateA 4 X 4 reversible DKG gate that preservework singly as a reversible full adder and parallel adder is shown in below fig 5. If input A is zero, the DKG gate performed respectable ad der operation, and if input A is 1 then reversible logic gate performed Full subtractor operation. It has been confirmed that a reversible full- adder circuit requires at least two or three garbage takes to make believe the distinctive1019.output combinationsFig 3 32 -32 Vedic multiplier using 16 - 16 Vedic multiplierFig 4 64- 64 Vedic multiplier using 32x32Vedic multiplierV. DESIGN OF ADDERUSINGFig. 5a DKG gateFig. 5b Parallel adder using DKG gateAccumulatorStageAccumulator has an significant role in the DSPapplications in different ranges. The register designedREVERSIBLE LOGICDKGGATEin the accumulator is usedto add the multipliedReversible logic is a distinct method diverse from other logic). impairment of information is not probablenumbers. Multiplier, adder and an accumulator areforming the alert establishment for the MAC unit. The conventional MAC unit has a multiplic and and here. In this logic, the numbers of outputs are identical multiplier to do the basic multiplication and some to the number of inputs.General consideration for reversible logicgateparallel adders to add the partial products generated inthe previous step. To get the final multiplication output A Boolean function is reversible if and exclusively ifwe add the partial product to these results. Vedic all the values in the input delineate can be mapped with a single value in the output position. Landauer and Multiplier has put forward to intensify the action of the MAC Unit.white avens both demonstrated that conventional irreversible circuits willthe usage of cause us toVI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONpower dissipation a circuit consisting of only reversible gates does not dissipate power. The following points necessity be reserved in mind to realize an optimized circuit Loops are not authorized Minimum delay Zero energy dissipationFig 6 RTL Schematic of MAC Unit Fan-out is not authorizedThe modify 64 bitmultiplier using Vedic Garbage outputs must be smallmultiplier and DKG adder is fast and design of MAC done using Xilinx.The above fig 7shows comparison among Verilog code using Xilinx. The below fig 6 shows theRTL Schematic of the proposed design.Logic Utilization70000No.of Slice FlipFlops60000No.of 4 input LUTs50000MAC design unit using different Adders. The number of LUTs and utilization of logic blocks in MAC design using CSA, RCA, KSA will be greater than DKG and speed is also more in MAC design using DKG. But it will take more area.Compare to array multipliers, baugh wooley multipliers and booths multipliers Vedic multipliers requires less area and performs operations at high speed.The below fig 8 shows the statistics results ofMAC design Vedic Multiplier with different adders. In which DKG Adders has moderate delay. But it consumes very less power and it can be designed in small area.four hundred00Number of occupiedSlicesNumber of Slices containing only related logic1000900800300002000010000Number of Slices containing unrelated logicTotal Number of 4 input L UTsNumber used as logicNumber used as ShiftRegisters700600500400300200100MAC Design using RCAMAC Design using CSAMAC Design using KSAMAC Design using DKG0Number of nonded0 IOBsNumber ofBUFGMUXs total Fanout of non-Clock NetsFig7 Synthesis report of 64-bit MAC using Vedic Multiplier using RCA,DKG and KSA Reversible logic gatesFig8 Delay Analysis report of 64-bit MAC using Vedic Multiplier using RCA,DKG and KSA Reversible logic gatesin table 2. By Combining the Vedic and reversible logic will direct to new and competent attainments in developing confused fields of digital signal processing Applications.Fig 9 pretending result of AdderThe above fig 9 shows that simulation result of DKG adder. It is a 32 bit adder. In this design we used two 64 bit adders. This adder has two inputs a and b,two outputs sum and carry. For adder a =19997091 and b= 0001fffdapplied.Which results sum is0199b708e and carry is 0.Fig 10 Vedic Multiplier result of 64 bit MAC unitThe above fig 10 shows the simula tion result of 64 bit MAC design unit. For this design we applied two inputs. In which values are a=12345678 and b=78945612 and it will give result of55bed11b057ec60.Fig 11 Vedic Multiplier result of 64 bit MAC unit onFPGACONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPEThe results of this proposed 64 bit UrdhavaTriyagbhayam Vedic multiplier with DKG adder are quite an good. Design of MAC unit structure and its performance has been scrutinize for all the blocks. Therefore, the 64-bit Urdhava Triyagbhayam sutra Multiplier and reversible logic is the best in all aspects like speed power product ,delay, area and complicationas compared to all other architectures which are shown

Suicide In Pop Music Culture Media Essay

self-destruction In Pop Music Culture Media attemptGrowing up is hard enough for to the naughtyest degree immature maturers and medical specialty has shutdown slightly acted as is an important crutch for them to turn to when times be hard. Music plays a vital role in younker goal and has also give break a question of morality when it comes to specific harmony genres that may be computeed inappropriate because of the content and message their unison gives out (Zill homophilen and Gan, 1997 Ter Bogt, 1997).Some conceptualise particular genres of medication be potentially dangerous to young citizenry and the unison and its per formulaers are professed as encouraging and propagating adolescent substance use, violating the legal philosophy for glorification, delinquency (Christenson and Roberts, 1998). Genres which are included in this bracket are straining admixture and rap, having a particularly negative image in the media. In past and current classs, the artists of these genres sacrifice snarl the heat from the authorities that deem their musical comedy content inappropriate material for the young generation to furnish to, believe it is responsible for teenaged self-annihilations and other negative fashional (Binder, 1993 Fried, two hundred3).The QuestionsSuicide is a popular theme in sub-cultural styles of music. There move over been m whatever an(prenominal) articles in the press active artists and bands that direct been blamed and targeted for the supposed responsibleness of teenage fans rouseting self-destruction after comprehending to their music. But is it fair to be so blas and blame theseartists because their music contains suicidal references? Should the hitch be so starkly pointed at these artists? Is it exceptifiable and fair?If not, who is to blame? The parents? Our education clay? The media?All these points will be addressed in this article and conclude thoughtfully after cross-examination and circumstanti al demo presented.The Beginning-Elvis starts itThe beginning of this debate started when stir and Roll, a new genre of music, exploded into the media in the 1950s. Elvis Presley was the founding father and the voice of this generation. He fashiond a new of type of music that mint had never heard before a style of music the younger generation connected with. This voice represented their drive for intent, their sexuality and notion in living their wears in the panache they wanted, not their parents. This new way was rejected and con typefacered by the authorities as a danger to the youth as they tried to repress this new artist by implementing bans and censors informeds. peradventure wholeness of the most famous incidents of censorship was when Presley appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show. The coming into courtroom of law was broadcast with Presley only being filmed from the waist up, as his gyratory hip movements were deemed too obscene to air. The older generation shouted a bout their unabated abhorrence and that they regarded this type of behavior to be damaging to the teen generation. They supposed that it would create an epidemic and it needed to be s spendped.Yet with all this press perplexity focused on Presley, all this actually did was to swell the desire in the fans for him and his music. This did exactly the opposite to what the authorities wanted and propelled him to fame. They make him into the openhanded-boy superstar that interchange millions of records worldwide by giving him his free publicity. This was the beginning of the extremism of politics in music that would occur in the future.The 70s a precursor to 1990s accusationsIn 1972, Gilbert OSullivan spent six weeks at the top of the Billboard charts with the breed Al nonpareil Again. In this tune, OSullivan contemplated throwing himself off a nearby tower because he had been betrayed by everyone. Leonard Cohen threatened to slit his wrists in Dress Rehearsal chivy (1971) for sim ilar reasons.Yet because OSullivans appealed to the conservative Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences society, musical threats of suicide did not provoke any occasion neighboring on a moral panic in those years. The theme of suicide was incorporated into mainstream pop culture in a thoroughly romantic fashion, just as it had been in romance novels and tragic opera where suicide was common place, yet deemed unobjectionable in this period.MTV and radio split1981 was a turning point for dividing the younger and older generations in musical appropriateness. On August 1st, MTV began transmission. It is fair to savour out that music television has assumed radios responsibility for breaking new acts (Shuker 1994, ch. 7). radio set and MTV became divided depressed the middle on this generation gap. Radio broadcasts the old, the well- cognise(prenominal) and the reassuring, while music television assumes responsibility for the new, the unfamiliar and the shocking.FMs audience does not instructm to change its tastes or look for the thrill of the new. FMs audience listened to the Eagles in the mid-seventies on its record players, it tuned into FM in the 1980s so it could listen to the Eagles on its car radios, and now it is the 1990s and it sleek over wants to listen to the Eagles perhaps so it can remember the 1970s. (Turner 1993, p. 145)Commercial radio has emerged since the 1970s as one of the most evidently sites of cultural struggle. This is oddly amid the thwart boom generations, for whom rock candy radio has become a inevitable asylum from the anxieties of life. Yet their nipperren for whom hip-hop, alternative and metal stand for zip less than the manifestation of their locating as musical outsiders.Types of music to blame and court casesRock critics no longer judge music worth on grounds of composition but instead spew careless stereotypes. dim metal is widely generalized to be perceived as dark, discourage music to listen to. Many of the song s are reflective of the artists I-dont-give-a-damn attitude, in ocular appearance and dark lyrical content. Heavy metal is the most new target that is attracting extremist accusations that it sustains its listeners to experience occultism and Satanism ranging through to sexism and racism to murderous and suicidal tendencies. (Shuker 1994, pp.260-2).Metal evolved in the 1970s out of mainstream album-oriented rock, typified by bands want Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple which, in turn, had their roots in the blueweeds-based hard rock of 1960s acts like Cream and Jimi Hendrix. But because they were circle musically at precisely the moment when radio and its coveted baby boomer demographic were softening into adult-oriented formats, metal bands were driven underground, promoting their records by centre of relentless touring and by word of mouth.There is no hard evidence to support that heavy metal music is actually instructing its listeners to do bad things, just great deals percei ving this music in this way because it is not happy, bouncy music. A 1993 study showed heavy metal inspired happy feelings in most fans, with the small number of those who reported feeling worse more credibly to already suffering mental health problems. Many people feel that it is a cathartic way of venting and get rid of their frustrations.Is it mighty to give birth the artist to adjudge responsibility when a teen does commit suicide after obsessively auditory sense to their music? Is in that respect any just cause in blaming them because their lyrics contain depressive material? Some people seem to think so.The 80s saw an influx of court cases against artists and it was also the tenner that introduced the Parental Advisory stickers. In 1985, Parental Advisory stickers were affixed by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) to audio and video recordings in the United States containing offensive language and/or content. Albums began to be labeled for declared l yrics, after pressure from the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC). It has become known as the dump truck sticker because of Tipper Gores visible role in the PMRC.1985 saw British heavy metal artist Ozzy Osbourne making his root court appearance on charges that the song Suicide Solution had caused nineteen-year-old prat McCullom to attempt suicide, regardless of Osbournes repeated says that Suicide Solution was written about the death of AC/DCs Bon Scott and that, therefore, it carried a positive anti-suicide message. The case was dismissed on the grounds that song lyrics are protected speech under the inaugural Amendment.Another court case was brought against Judas Priest in 1990, in which the song Better By You, Better Than Me was alleged to have caused the suicide of Raymond Belnap and the attempt suicide of his friend James Vance. What was different about this case was the particular that this case pivoted on the allegation that the band had hidden subliminal messages, hide into their recordings. The attorney for the accusation claimed that satanic messages could be heard when playing the music is butt. Judge Jerry Carr Whitehead ruled explicitly at the beginning that the court was not interested in the unconcealed lyrical content of rock songs because it was protected by the First Amendment only the so-called subliminal messages were in question, he ruled, because they did not constitute an open exchange of information. The leading fundamental expert for the prosecution, attempted to persuade the court that he had expose the backwards words Do it in the song and that this was a clear incitement for its listeners to commit suicide. This case was thrown out of court when Judas Priest, defending themselves, chose a section of the song and told the jury that they would hear a certain balmy idiom when they played that particular part backwards. Sure enough, this silly phrase is what they heard and the case was thrown out of court.This proved tha t if you are listen hard enough, you can hear anything you want to hear making this claim incongruous.This case, and others like it, went a long way towards legitimizing the once-preposterous claim that subliminal messages are frequent in heavy metal music and that they exert an approximately hypnotic power (Billard 1990 Henry 1990, p. 65).Lead singer, Rob Halford, noted in the aftermath of the trial,What we went through . . . we considered that simply an attack on our artistic expression. It was nothing to do with real subliminals.(Burns 1990, pp. 100-14)The 1980s saw the biggest increase in teen suicides.Lawrence Grossbergs definitive study of American culture under neo-conservatism, We Gotta Get surface Of This Place, has woven its political agenda into the mainstream of North American life, where it now manifests itself twain as a moral panic. A vote from this book statesIn 1940, the major problems were listed as talking, chewing gum, making noise, running in the halls, gett ing out of turn in line, wearing improper clothing, not move paper in waste baskets. Forty years on in 1982 rape, robbery, assault, burglary, arson, bombings, murder, suicide, absenteeism, vandalism, extortion, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, gang warfare, pregnancy, abortion, and venereal disease (Grossberg 1992, pp. 185-8).Teen suicide had go acrossed real epidemic proportions, and has continued to escalate.The study concludes Individuals born in the latter(prenominal) part of the twentieth century, are at far greater endangerment than their predecessors for developing suicide-related mood disorders and these disorders are manifesting themselves at a younger age (Birmaher et al. 1996, pp. 1,428-30).While it is tardily for the conservatives to blame this epidemic on rock music, it is nothing but speculation and there is no hard evidence to back up their ideological views.A 1997 AACAP study entitled Precipitating factors and life events in serious suicide attempts among youths aged 13 through 24 years concluded that the most common occurrence of serious suicide attempts were relationship breakdowns, other personal problems, and financial difficulties. (Beautrais et al. 1997, pp. 1,543-51)Dr Barry Goldfinkel of the University of Minnesota Child and teenage Psychiatry Division, insistsNinety out of 100 kids who kill themselves meet a psychiatric diagnosis. Kids dont commit suicide just because theyve been treated harshly or lifes dealt them a bad hand. Its the internal process going on, not unless the fact of ones horrible existence. (Wartik 1995, p. 23)Marilyn MansonIn the late 90s, Goth-rocker Marilyn Manson arrived on the scene. He was one of the biggest stars that rose through MTV and one of the most controversial to date. He stormed to the top of the charts, catapulting to worldwide fame.Manson was not your average artist. His image has been described as a brickolage of jack boots, leather, lingerie, black lipstick, eerie contact lenses and cadaverous fac e keystone (Hebdige 1979, pp. 102-4 Thigpen 1997, p. 68).He has been arrested for exposing himself on stage and criticized for his indulgence in self-mutilation. His music was inexorably tangled up with criticism of his appearance and the visual content of his videos and he was the next scapegoat for the PMRC to target.In his opening remarks as host of the 1998 Grammy gift Show, sitcom actor, substance abuser and convicted drunk driver Kelsey Grammer promised that Marilyn Mansons skinny washrag ass would not be appearing on the show. It was a truly extraordinary moment. Referring explicitly to his own teenage daughter, Spencer, Grammer couched this slur in the form of an inside joke for the baby boomer parents of children with seemingly inexplicable musical tastes. In so doing, he affirmed not only the difficult conservatism of the Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences but also the coercive hegemony of his own generation within mainstream musical culture. The show proceeded to reward docking facility Dylan with Album of the Year, James Taylor with topper Pop Album and Elton John with Best Male Pop Vocal Performance, while lavishing unbridled approbation upon the newest make of corporate hit-makers, including Babyface, LeAnn Rimes, Hanson and the ubiquitous Spice Girls. Mitch Miller could not have orchestrate a more thoroughgoing tribute to the pop music status quo in America. The influence of music-based subcultures on suicide has been the subject of debate for many another(prenominal) years.The above quote goes to show the hypocrisy and the neo-conservatism attitude that has settled in society,just like the text in Grossbergs book, We Gotta Get Out Of This Place.When the Columbine mellow School massacre happened, it was exposed that the teenagers responsible listened to Marilyn Manson. When two girls raped a nun with a crucifix and tortured her to death, it was discovered that they too, listened to Marilyn Manson. Gesticulations were made and the fi nger pointed at Manson for being responsible for poisoning their minds and making them commits these murders and suicides, through his music. pop Senator Joseph Lieberman called him perhaps the sickest artist ever promoted by a mainstream record beau monde (Jeffrey 1996, p. 3) and put enormous pressure on his label, Interscope to cease shiting his records.This was at the height of Mansons third album Antichrist Superstar. The album had reached Billboard Top 200 Album Chart at Number 3 and Manson had become the utter(a) scapegoat for the ethical guardians. Much like what had happened with Presley, history was repeating itself and by his position in the charts, it is obvious to see that this press was attend toing sell more records than ever.It is clear from his autobiography that Manson takes himself and his music very seriously, that his analysis of organize religion is both personal and ideological, and that his music is not intended to induce self-destructive behaviour but to inspire strength and independence. He told a panel for discussion on MuchMusic (Canadas music video network)I see what I do as a positive thing. I try to bring people closer to themselves. That may be further apart from God but thats closer to themselves. I think thats a right-hand(a) thing. I thinkthat makes people stronger. . . Im trying to tell people to believe in themselves because thats all that they have to believe in. I think thats a positive thing. (MuchMusic 1996)It seems that Manson is not just a guy with a zealous ambition to be an adored Rock star. He is a man that is trying to get people to open their eyes to the conformist ideals of the neo-conservative array which he believes have been trying to brain wash a nation, into believing it needs shelter and protection from themselves. He has fought back against the machine and made his messages loud and clear.A tee-shirt for sale at his concerts summarizes his agenda conciselyWarning, the music of Marilyn Manson conta ins messages that willKill God In your impressionable teenage mind, as a result you could be convinced to Kill your mom and dada And eventually in an act of hopeless Rock and Roll behavior you will Kill yourself. Please burn your records while there is still hope. Manson published an open letter on the Columbine killings in axial rotation Stone in which he reiterated the critique of American society that has been so forcefully articulated in his musicWhen it comes down to whos to blame for the high school murders in Littleton, Colorado, throw a rock and youll hit person whos guilty. Were the people who sit back and tolerate children owning hit mans, and were the ones who tune in and escort the up-to-the-minute details of what they do with them. I think its terrible when anyone dies, especially if its roundone you know and love . . . This kind of controversy does not help me sell records or tickets, and I wouldnt want it to. Im a controversial artist, one who dares to have an o pinionand bothers to create music and videos that challenge peoples ideas in a world that is watered-down and hollow. In my work I examine the America we live in, and Ive always tried to show people that the devil we blame out atrocities on is really just each one of us.So dont expect the end of the world to come one day out of the blue its been happening every day for a long time. (Manson 1999)The AnswerIn the wake of the Columbine tragedy, the authorities are franticly trying to find perfectly term answers to the problem of teen suicides and the bloody massacres that occur along side this. This is a problem that has not been identified and many feel that they are searching for answers in the wrong place. For example, after Columbine, the teenagers were considered to be the enemy when schools in America installed metal detectors at the entrances to stop children bringing guns into school. A nearsighted term answer to a continuing problem, surely the education and up-bringing of the child are key factors, (not the tools society hands to them on a plate, ironically)?Tipper Gores Parents Music Resource Center, feels that certain music groups are to blame for the suicides and have attacked the music industry. They professed to say that because one suburban teen had written down the lyrics to Fade to Black before taking her life that this was evidence and evidence that this music was responsible and encouraged the teen to kill themselves.In the year 2007, the next new wave of music has arrived and instead of heavily metal being targeted, emo and hip hop are now seemingly liable. everywhere a decade on, have we learnt from our past mistakes in teaching our ill-conceived youth? It seems not. Just weeks ago, the Virginia Tech tragedy occurred when another troubled teen went on a rampage, killing his classmates and school teachers and then turned the gun on himself.Parents and schools have renounced their responsibility to these teens. In their absence, a psychia tric conglomerate has been created to provide easy answers through medication.A host of psychiatric drugs provided the easy solution to teen suicide. In the absence of parents and teachers who care, todays suburban teens can pharmaceutically realise their feelings. But, t what price? Teen suicides may have declined, but, it seems that these medications have helped some teens externalize their depression, erupting into rage.Of course, blaming the medication for the violence is as wrong as blaming the guns, the music or the violent video games and movies. It is not what teens hear in their music or see in the movies or video games that causes the rage. Its the teens inability to time lag their feelings of abandonment.But perhaps people in the public eye should take some responsibility if they are communicating with people on much(prenominal) grand scales, as Rock stars do.Beto Cuevas, the lead singer of La Ley, felt he had to do something when he discovered a fan had committed su icide after finding out she could not meet her idols. This was the blend straw in her tragic ending but Cuevas felt he had to do something and thought, that through music, he could write a song that would reach his fans.In many ways its about people helping people, Ive talked to fans who say the song has left them thinking about options. Its a problem we have in our daily lives. Sometimes its as simple as listening to someone, your children.Troubled youths have taken comfort in the darker forms of rock music- just as music lovers of all ages find consolation in the music that seems to articulate their losses, their pain and their grief. The problem lies in lacking parent and union supports.In the wake of two Australian teenage suicides, Prime minister of religion of Australia, John Howard, has called on parents to support their children more. I think the greatest thing that has to be said about this is that parental responsibility in the end is the key to behavior by children. G overnment cant educate parents if they dont have an instinct for responsibility. And while there are things the Government can do, there is a limit before you start running up against exemption of speech.

Developing Cultural Competence in Nursing

Developing Cultural competence in NursingChristopher MasonCultural Interview with Patrick de MendozaThe close in which we be raised greatly influences our attitudes, judgments, values, and behaviors. Our families taught us how to believe somewhat and cover people who were disparate than we atomic number 18. In order to provide sensitive and powerful c atomic number 18 to persons from cultures that argon different from our own, two things must occurAn sensory faculty of ones own heathen values and beliefs and a realisation of how they influence our attitudes and behaviors.An understanding of the cultural beliefs and values of others and how they be influenced by them (Wintz Cooper, 2009, p. 7).I interviewed Patrick de Mendoza, a 37 year old Mexican-the Statesn male. My intentions in conducting this interview were to receive more than ab bug out how a person from the Hispanic heritage experiences wellness sell in the unify States opposed to someone of the Caucasian b ackground. Patrick and I are close friends with similar interests. I neer saw him as Hispanic, only when as American. I never considered us to be very different. The circumstance is, he is of Mexican and Spanish decent and I am of European and Native American decent. firearm we put on similar ideas on our outlooks to the future, on that drive are differences in the way we were raised and the views we were taught to believe. This article will compare and contrast our views of and encounters with health care.When asked about how closely he identified with his ethnic background, he stated, 90% of my friends are Mexican, as in either 1st or 2nd generation Mexican-American. There is an importance markd on how removed away generationally we are from having lived in Mexico. First generation means some(prenominal) parents are full-blooded Mexican. I am 2nd generation. (P. de Mendoza, in the flesh(predicate) converse, February 20, 2014) withal though Patrick has been raised in th e U.S., his upbringing was based on Mexican traditions. In his home English and Spanish are radiusn. He doesnt speak Spanish fluently and is more comfortable speaking English. He says regarding individual(prenominal) quadruplet and talks, at that place is very small ain space and dialogue can go to the male or female. However, you oblige to track in and speak if you want to be heard. Typi chit-chaty the Spanish dialogue is very energetic. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) As a Hispanic, Patrick was raised Roman Catholic. He was taught to not only respect his elders, besides to pitch in and suspensor wherever he could to help his family and community. When asked what his culture believed about health, Patrick said that or so Mexicans in the United States get what they exigency when they are sick by crossing the border back to their family or docs their family receives and intentions in Mexico. I have a jaded opinion of the American health care sy stem shrewd that I can get the drugs or interposition I need faster and cheaper in Mexico. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) Patrick says, I personally have a bias against the old school white male clinician that I am likely to name during a doctor visit. It is more textbook wonder after question and less inviting. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) Having said that, he did pardon that in Mexico you a more likely to see a doctor who is more involved and interested in what will devil you scent get around. Funny enough, Patrick laughed and said, Thats real besides (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) When I asked Patrick if he would prefer to have a doctor from his culture, he said, he would in all likelihood be more open with someone from his culture. However, if not, he would hope to see a qualified physician to whom he could relate. On a more positive note, Patrick told me that in the Latin culture mental infirmity much(prenominal) as schizophrenia and Down syndrome are not looked down upon but instead are accepted by the family and the community. You come together as a community to provide whatever they need and to offer patronise for not just the mentally ill but likewise for the physically ill, grieving, and the indigent. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) I asked Patrick what role his culture and religion played in his up-bringing. In a very earnest response, he replied, I approximate in Mexican heritage we actually value family life. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) familiarity did not dictate how he was disciplined purge though the Mexican population is Roman Catholic as a culture. When I asked him about his own health, he replied that he live ons quite overwhelmed with the variant of being a pre-school teacher. He added, how a person carries their stress determines how healthy or sallow they may be. Patrick entangle up he could be healthier and that he could better his own situation using diet, exercise, and stress management.In 2003, the Institute of medicate recognized that an increasing number of studies focusing on disparities in healthcare validated the view of racial and ethnic minorities as credible assessments. For sheath the biased views often held by Mexican-Americans toward their physician have a neat influence on the patient as well as the physician. go the patient questions competency and may disrespect the physician because he is culturally different and not of the same ethnicity, conversely the physicians prospect is often influenced by the patients avoidance of treatment and bar in communication (Blendon et al., 2007). In my interview with Patrick he reinforced this point by saying, The relationship you have with a physician or moderate determines the types of questions they are free to ask and how freely you will answer them. (P. de Mendoza, personal communicat ion, February 20, 2014) Very personal questions, sexual in nature or concerning spontaneous abortion are purposefully not answered if a patient assesses the physician as not caring or self-reliance worthy. Trying to get answers out of him as a patient would be very taxing for a physician with whom he felt no bond or trust, even to the detriment of his health. Latin heritage is structured with a religious upbringing of Roman Catholicism that deters conversations concerning contraception and abortion. Abortion is a religious belief not a physicians advice or a testimony of a healthcare practitioner. A first visit is very different and although Patrick says he would probably be very reserved, he would give that physician the opportunity to build a trusting relationship. With his healthcare experiences at Kaiser Permanente, in particular, he has had no continuity of care and has received close to of his treatment from nurses and nurse practitioners. Exasperated, Patrick commented, I am likely to see a physician for about 5 seconds, if at all. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) Again he repeated, and thats real too (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) Contrary to most Mexican-Americans, Non-Hispanic whites in the United States are in some ways more compelled by logic than culture when sick and dealing with healthcare. As far back in time as I can remember, if I became ill my set about either called the doctor or took me to the doctors office for a visit. I believe in western medicine, but my physician spoke the same language I did and I had health insurance that helped to repair for services. Rationally, it makes sense to go to the person who has the knowledge to solve the problem you are having. If you are having car trouble you go to the auto-mechanic. If you are having issues with your roof leaking, you call the roofer. If you are having complications within your body, you call the person who knows the most a bout the gentle body. Traditionally, for Caucasians in America whose grandparents grandparents were U.S. settlers, that person is a physician. Whether for a slight mothy or a broken limb, I saw the doctor. I never had any problems getting an appointment because I never really had to have one. I very simply went to the office and signed in. Usually there was somewhat of a wait, but the time was well worth the aesculapian resolution. I saw the same physician my father always had. When he retired his son took over his practice and he is still my physician today.Since our hospitals were create by European Americans for European Americans, their values such as autonomy, independency, and covert prevail in our institutions. Patients who have immigrated often value the family over the unmarried or view the male head of household as the close maker for the patient (Galanti, 2001).The hospital staff maintains that patients should want to gain their independence as a part of a healthy outcome (Galanti, 2001). health outcomes are certainly affected by socio-economic advantage and cultural non-minorities pull ahead from higher rates of employment, acquisition of insurance, as well as prime(prenominal) and persona of health services.Mental health is another area where Mexican-Americans and Non-Hispanic whites differ. two populations seem to have contrasting ideas about the causation of psychiatric illness which affect the roles family members play in treatment and recovery. The Hispanic culture is accept of the person regardless of the ailment. The Mexican perspective accepts and expresses less blame, embarrassment and stigmatization than what I have personally witnessed in my own culture. I had an uncle who was an alcoholic. In the community and in the family people expressed a common whimsey of disgust for him. My brothers and I were always told, Stay away from Paul, he drinks too much. Whether a genetic disorder such as Down syndrome or complication from d rug use during pregnancy, the child is accepted with open weapons and warmth. Patrick proudly stated, The family and community comes together as one to pitch in and help those who come from perhaps schizophrenia or alcoholism. It is a cultural fundament to actively participate and help. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) Patricks mother suffers from schizophrenia. He says, Every one of all ages is expected to chip in and make sure the person suffering is not left behind to suffer alone. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) Patrick continued with high spirits telling me that Latin America is very conversational rather than a more reserved culture where some things are not discussed. There is a comfort in everyone chiming in no one is labeled or shunned because they share a different opinion from the rest of the group. We are an open forum. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) assimilation and ethnicity create a uni que pattern of beliefs and perceptions as to what health or illness actually mean. In turn, this pattern of beliefs influences how symptoms are recognized, to what they are attributed and how they are interpreted, and effects how and when health services are sought. (Anderson, Scrimshaw, Fullilove, Fielding, Normand, 2003, p. 68)Utilization or privation thereof is not always due to an absence of medical facilities or health insurance. Sometimes there isnt a language prohibition that keeps someone from having a conversation with a healthcare practitioner. Even as there is a growing population of medical professionals of the Hispanic ethnicity as well as other minorities, generally most Mexican-Americans expect their essential practitioner to be an older white male. In Patricks view, this acts as a deterrent to the United States healthcare system for most Mexican-Americans. While Patricks idea of the physicians ethnicity may inhibit most of his Mexican-American friends this is an image of a provider that I am used to. As bravado as Patricks culture is, for 8 of 9 of his adpressed friends the head of the family is the grand-ma, abuelita. We often take the opinion of our elders, grand-mother or uncle who you know are on your side. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) At this point Patrick has an HMO. He says, Doctors are not advocating for me. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) If he sought a physicians advice, the recommendation always comes from family and friends. Longstanding in Mexican culture, many tend to go over the boarder to have procedures performed. Patrick said, I dont know if it is of the same quality as U.S. healthcare, but unless you have a really good job with excellent insurance coverage and a untroubled bond with your physician, then you trust the people your family go to when they are sick. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014) Shocking to me, he added, I have friends tha t are in the force with great healthcare, but they still go to Mexico to get procedures they need because their families went there. (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014)The clinical Nurse Leader character was formed by the AACN in 2006 to afford headship across all aspects of our health care organization (Shipman, Stanton, Hankins, Odom-Bartel, 2013). Patrick felt that miscommunication and a lack of cultural understanding leads to mistrust. He said,The more you trust a doctor the better relationship you have and the more given over you are to talk about your personal issues and relationships. When Im referring to deprivation over the border, Im speaking of seeing the family doctor. It does say a lot to have a family doctor because you have a memoir with someone who can identify with your beliefs (P. de Mendoza, personal communication, February 20, 2014).As a clinical Nurse Leader, we are responsible for advocating for the patient and for fostering communic ation mingled with patients, their families or care takers and nurses and physicians alike. The involvement of a CNL in patient treatment could soon be as prevalent in health care facilities as physician assistants and nurse practitioners are now. CNLs could put programs in place for retaining and recruiting diverse staff. This would provide a deeper well of knowledge of beliefs and practices from many cultures not just one or two. Another obligation of all practitioners and specifically Nurse Leaders is to ensure that educational materials are available that are culturally and linguistically appropriate for each clients cultural history. Our patients should feel as though their Clinical Nurse Leaders have given them the tools to actively be involved in their own health treatment. These are sanctioned cultural competencies that, when implemented, further the cultural riches within health facilities already available to diverse communities. A Clinical Nurse Leader, having specific educate in cultural awareness, will hopefully creatively lessen communication barriers, facilitate the integration of larger knowledge bases of ethnic health beliefs, as well as better conditions and practices. To provide an equal quality of healthcare to everyone hardly means treating all patients the same. In order to give best health care to everyone, all professionals must consider humanitys many differences, attempt to know each client, and tailor treatment to the individual. We could also work with area providers in sensitivity training helping them to become aware of their beliefs that work to marginalize other ethnicities. (Anderson et al., 2003, p. 72)I hope that these accomplishments and goals toward quality of care are realized in the near future. It is senseless for a country as advanced as the United States is to have such a miraculous body of medical and biologic knowledge, if we fail to use that information to optimize the health situations of all the people that ma ke-up our society. Patrick felt his health was not at its best due to the amount of stress he experiences. He felt his health could be transformed by more positive thinking, setting realistic goals, eating better, and exercising. As Clinical Nurse Leaders, we should be promoting inter-professional team care and embracing not an substitute(a) system, but a complimentary treatment approach to the patient as a whole.ReferencesAnderson, L. M., Scrimshaw, S. C., Fullilove, M. T., Fielding, J. .E., Normand, J., (2003). Culturally competent healthcare systems a systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine, 24(3), 6879. doi 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00657-8Blendon, R. J., Buhr, T., Cassidy, E. F., Perez, D. J., Hunt, K. A., Fleischfresser, C., . . . Herrmann, M. J. (2007). Disparities In Health Perspectives Of A Multi-Ethnic, Multi-Racial America. doi 10.1377/hlthaff.26.5.1437Galanti, G. A. (2001). The challenge of serving and working with diverse populations in American hospital s. Diversity Factor, 9(3), 21-26.Shipman, S., Stanton, M., Hankins, J., Odom-Bartel, R. (2013). INCORPORATION OF THE CLINICAL NURSE LEADER IN exoteric HEALTH PRACTICE. Journal of Professional Nursing, 29(1), 4-10. doi 10.1016/j.profnurs.2012.04.004

Engineering Requirements and Available Engineering Capacity :: Engineering PreQuip Technology Essays

engine room Requirements and Available Engineering CapacityWhat Explains the Relationship surrounded by Engineering Requirements and Available Engineering. 1. WHAT EXPLAINS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN applied science REQUIREMENTS AND AVAILABLE ENGINEERING CAPACITY AT PREQUIP?WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE PATTERNS IN THE EXHIBIT?The patterns between the Engineering Requirement and the AvailableEngineering Capacity are such that long-run ends such as Project4 which requires 286 Engineering Months are beingness stretched throughoutseveral years instead of completing it and allocating the resourceselsewhere. Due to the throttle time available, time should be spentcompleting as some(prenominal) as Project 4 as possible instead of delaying untilthe scrap year and finalising it in another. If the Project wascompleted in two years then the resources would be available for otherprojects in the third. Along with trim back the number of Projects thatare active at any one time, the connection would be in a better positionto deal with the Projects that charter completing.The implications of the patterns indicate thelarge problem of over committing. The company has too a couple of(prenominal) resources tocope with the large active list. These implications ensure thatPreQuip are always assigning wrong levels of resources toprojects which over time will prevent them from completing anyproject. release of business may follow and the company would eventuallycollapse do their incompetence to effective project planning.2. WHAT IS A PLATFORM PROJECT? HOW DOES IT disaccord FROM A BREAKTHROUGH PROJECT? WHAT SPECIFIC CRITERIA WOULD YOU RECOMMEND THAT COMPANIES ESTABLISH TO desexualize PLATFORM AND BREAKTHROUGH PROJECTS?A platform project is a project set up to provide the company with aplatform from which naked as a jaybird products and processes can be developed. Thisproposed development is designed to benefit the company over a setperiod of time with the a im to release bran- parvenu profitable products.Platform projects, if designed correctly, can provide numerous add-onsand enhancements to this new products extending the product life cycle march on by potentially being able to reach into new and untappedmarkets, thus extending the profitability further too.An example of this would be the development of The Sims computergame. The game and the idea lav the game has evolved and hasenabled the developers to turn a non-profitable game using obsolete applied science into the most sold computer game to date. The developmentof the artificial recognition required to bring realism, creativityand graphic design has been included into more and more versionseventually leading to the introduction of The Sims games where youcontrol all aspects of the characters lives. reinvigorated developments havebeen introduced to meet the artificial lives that are being controlled

Shakespearian Sonnets Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

duncical down, beneath all our insecurities, beneath all our hopes for and beliefs in equality, each of us believes were better than anyone else. Because its our beliefs that are cover, our doubts that are allowable ones, our fears which are legitimate (Stein, 2010)When flavour at Sonnets xxix and Sonnet XXX, both similarities and differences rise to the surface. As both Sonnets are written by William Shakespeare they share a viridity bond. Sonnet XXX also follows right after Sonnet XXIX which helps keep the consistency as they were written around the same times. twain of the Sonnets are written to the newfangled man who he praises and looks up to. Shakespeare does non feel as if he can live up to the young man and all that he has which makes him feel upset about himself. The vocalizer talks about crying throughout the Sonnets allowing the readers to see his true whimseys. at last through repetition and the use of alliterations, it is easy to follow the Sonnets to u nderstand what the speaker unit is feeling. It is all tied together with a concise rime bitstock which shows his understanding and accepting of what is happening. Throughout the Sonnets, Shakespeare allows the readers to view the inferiority and insecurities of the speaker, prove his invest by victimization crying and grievous devices enhances the writing by using literary devices while bringing them together with a strong rhyming couplet. Both Sonnets XXIX and Sonnet XXX have the same infrastructure that follows through throughout them. They also share the same subject which eventually ties the two Sonnets together. Both Sonnets show a weakeer side of Shakespeare as he is admitting his inferiority and showing his insecurities. In Sonnet XXIX, he is feeling self-pity almo... ... as one. The young man plays a huge role in both Sonnets which helps the reader to understand Shakespeares intentions and feelings. Having both Sonnets appearing right after another makes it fee l wish a story a continuation of his feelings and emotions. He appears to feel inferior and insecure about himself as he looks up to the young man who he wishes to be like but knows that he never will. instant appears throughout the Sonnets as he is feeling depressed and can not understand what is going on. Crying to him helps him come to an understanding and reminisce on the past. Also, alliterations, repetition and other sound devices place emphasis on the struggle he is experiencing. Finally, he uses a rhyming couplet to show the speakers journey as it come to a close. Shakespeare has the ability to take two sonnets and bring them together to appear as one.