Physiological Effects of MDMA Use :: Health Drugs Essays

physiological Effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine Usemethylenedioxymethamphetamine has significant cardiovascular effects. This is coherent with its norepinephrine releasing (Johnson et al. 1991 Rothman et al. 2001) and _2 adrenergic agonist (Lavelle et al. 1999) properties. methylenedioxymethamphetamine dit dependently produces racy increases in heart rate and blood pressure (de la Torre et al. 2000a de la Torre et al. 2000b Grob et al.). Peak cardiovascular effects occur between 1 and 2 hours afterward methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration and largely subside within 6 hours of drug administration.A study suggested that the relationship between MDMA superman and cardiovascular effects was supralinear by de la Torre et al. (2000a) who reported unexpectedly mellowed drug exposures (measured as AUCplasma for MDMA) and diastolic blood pressure increases in twain volunteers given 150 mg MDMA. While pharmacokinetic data suggest MDMA has nonlinear kinetics, there is no c lear evidence of supralinear relationships between dose and blood pressure or heart rate. In fact, there may be less increase in heart rate after higher(prenominal) doses. The tendency toward less heart rate increase with higher dose is consistent with a study using both informed and anesthetized rats (OCain et al. 2000). In this rat study, 3 mg/kg IV MDMA decreased heart rate, while lower doses tended to increase it or chair it unchanged.Studies monitoring blood pressure found significant relationships between MDMA use and blood pressure. In one study, (Vollenweider et al. 1998) involving subjects without a history of MDMA use, one subject experienced hypertensive crisis from a dose exemplary of recreational use. The correlation of blood pressure is described, A two course ANOVA for systolic blood pressure revealed a significant important effect of drug F(1,2) = 41.09 p < 02 and a significant drug x time interaction F(3,6) = 11.31 p < 007. Significant changes occurred in the 0 to 75 proceeding and 75 to 150 minutes interval (one way ANOVAs). devil way ANOVA for diastolic blood pressure was not significant, scarce one way ANOVAs showed significant changes in the 75 to 150 minutes and the 150 to 300 minutes interval. Increases were in the range of 10 to 30 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure and 5 to 10 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure. (Vollenweider et al. 1998 pp.245_246) This study shows a simile in changes in systolic blood pressure, and a lesser law of similarity in changes in diastolic blood pressure. The occurrence of hypertensive crisis suggests carefulness in potential use and study.